Truth Behind the Lies free essay sample

The famous romantic novelist, Mark Twain, is well know for his attitude towards social conformity and the mores of society. In Twain’s mind, it is human nature for people to want to do the right thing in life, without silly rules or protocol. Everyone has their falls from grace, but the human race is generally good, with some exceptions. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, characters are frequently faced with dilemmas that challenge the morals they were taught to faithfully abide by, and most of these situations are resolved through the use of deception and lying. It is not the act of lying that defines the characters, but it is their motivation behind deceiving those around them that truly emphasizes their moral worth. Mark Twain seems to support the timeless moral adage, â€Å"The ends justify the means. † Many people disagree with this statement, but Twain exemplifies the reality that the chains that confine people to society’s rules must be broken by lying to survive or to protect another. We will write a custom essay sample on Truth Behind the Lies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through Huck’s journey to self-discovery, Twain conveys his belief that defying society’s moral standards is necessary in certain situations in order to do the right thing. Much research has been done on the topic of morality in Twain’s point of view and how it has been expressed through the main character, Huck. Laurel Bollinger suggests that â€Å"Huck never moves into the realm of abstract morality; he never asserts a conviction that when two moral principles come into conflict, one will have priority because of the nature of the moral principle itself. Instead, he acts strictly through his sense of Sherrard 2 commitment to his friends† This is appealing to the romanticism in the novel. Huck makes his decisions purely based off of his instincts and connections to those around him, not off of the moral standards he is obligated to fulfill because of society. Albert E. Stone comments that â€Å"Huck is the image of the classic Good Bad Boy. The Good Bad Boy is, of course, America’s vision of itself, cruel and unruly in its beginnings, but endowed by its creator with an instinctive sense of what is right† Man is given an internal moral compass to guide him. Rules that are written are not what guide us to do what is right. It is the natural God given instinct to wan to do the right thing in life. This is why Huck perverts the truth. â€Å"The most obvious place to look at [Huck’s character development] is Huck’s changing attitude toward Jim, who he eventually comes to see as a fellow human being rather than a slave or an object of property† (Sewell 114). For example, as Tom Quirk suggests, it is ironic that Huck finds himself inferior to those around him because he decides to lie to protect his companion, Jim. He feels that it is a sin, but in this situation it is the more ethical choice to be made, even though society deems it unacceptable. Huck’s lies, while situational, are mostly told in order to ensure his own survival and the protection of Jim. From the beginning of the novel, Huck’s fascination with truth is displayed in his saying, â€Å"Mark Twain, he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. I never seen anybody but lied one time or another,† (Twain 13). To Huck, the idea of lying is not a big deal, so to speak. Huck lies to all the people around him when he fakes his death, but the only reason he does this is to escape the clutches of his alcoholic father. Huck’s survival is his first priority and if it were not for this deception, Huck would have continued to live in an abusive environment. His motive behind lying is survival. It is human nature to want to Sherrard 3 survive, and Huck’s instincts kick in telling him what he needs to do to survive: pretend to die in order to live. When he discovers Jim has run away, Huck decides to go against his morals and keep Jim’s secret to protect his friend. Although in southern society during the era of slavery this action would have been considered extremely immoral, Huck keeps the truth of Jim’s running away to himself because to him, it seems like the best idea at the time. Even though Huck’s intentions seem pure, he has a hidden motive for harboring Jim. Huck is a young boy and his immaturity is evident. Running away by himself would be extremely lonely and frightening for a child to do on his own. Jim’s presence would be comforting to Huck, so he decides not to reveal Jim. While Huck has been taught that under no circumstances is lying acceptable, these situations are examples of when the deception of others is ultimately the safer or more ethical choice that ultimately saves two lives, even if the intentions for lying were not completely pure at this point in the novel. Mark Twain uses the Duke and the Dauphin as foils to Huck in order to convey the difference between lying as a last resort and the unnecessary, malicious deception of others for one’s own selfish gain. When the Duke and the King are introduced to Huck and claim their titles, Huck is skeptical, saying that It didn’t take me long to make up my mind that these liars warn’t no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds. But I never said nothing, never let on; kept it to myself; it’s the best way; then you don’t have no quarrels, and don’t get into no trouble. I never learnt nothing else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way (Twain 125). The so-called Duke and King craft many schemes throughout the novel to scam people Sherrard 4 ut of their money and keep it for themselves. Twain feels that it is an inevitable part of human nature to tell lies, but the motivation behind these lies varies between characters. The villainous characters tend to lie for corrupt reasons while the good characters lie in order to do what is best in a given situation. A major turning point in Huck’s journey to discover his identity and relationship with the truth is when he makes up his mind to turn Jim in but then decides to protect him by telling two slave-catchers a story so that they will not discover Jim on the raft. In the midst of Huck’s doubt over his loyalty to Jim and willingness to lie for him, Huck makes a decision to lie to protect his friend from being captured and punished. Twain feels that these lies are important. These are the lies worth telling. Would it truly be right to allow an innocent man to be punished for his freedom; would it be wrong to help a friend, to save him? By the end of the novel, Huck’s character development closes with him having a greater understanding of the truth and when it is appropriate to lie, and also his compassion towards Jim grows into true friendship. The Duke and Dauphin have deceived countless people for their own personal gain, and Huck grows tired of their lies. Huck realizes that by not revealing the King and the Duke for who they are, he is protecting the guilty and allowing them to hurt innocent people, so he reveals him for the con artists they truly are. â€Å"I got to tell the truth, and you want to brace up, Miss Mary, because it’s a bad kind, and going to be hard to take, but there ain’t no help for it. These uncles of yourn ain’t no uncles at all; they’re a couple of frauds- regular dead-beats† (Twain 182). Huck tells the truth to stop the lies. Even though Huck himself is a liar, this demonstrates that there is a great difference between lying for a noble cause and unnecessarily lying for profit. The point that marks Huck’s true identity revelation is when he decides that even though protecting Jim is a sin, he is willing to do it. This is the Sherrard 5 moment when Huck realizes that every lie he told to protect Jim has been worth it because Jim is a person, not property. This is Twain’s statement that lying to do the right thing must happen. When the rules society has set out fail to accomplish a person’s goal to do the right thing, these rules can be strayed from. This is a person’s moral obligation to do what may not seem ethically correct, but in the end it will have been the right decision. Huck Finn, like every other character, makes decisions that influence who he is and what type of person he has become. Towards the beginning of the novel, he was naive and immature, but throughout his journey his understanding of the meaning of truth grew. Huck’s journey to individual discovery is Mark Twain’s attempt at provoking an individual discovery in all of the readers of his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A person’s morality is not defined by the lies they tell but by their reason behind telling this lie in the first place. In Twain’s mind, â€Å"sometimes a man has to do what a man has to do,† in order to do what is ethically right, and if that means going against what society deems morally correct, then so be it.

Mid summer essays

Mid summer essays In Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" the mortal teenage characters fall in love foolishly, and the character Bottom states, "O what fools these mortals be". They are foolish because they act like children. Although Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius, and Helena appear grown-up, when they are in love they act foolishly. The four teenage Demetrius is a fool because he is unaware that his love changes through out the play. At the start of the play Demetrius does not love Helena. (II ii,line 188) Demetrius says, "I love thee not, therefore pursue me not." (II ii,line 194) "Hence, get thee gone, and follow me no more." In III ii, Demetrius after being juiced begins to love Helena. (III ii,line 169-173) Demetrius says, "Lysander, keep thy Hermia; I will none. If e'er I loved her, all that love is gone. My heart to her but as guest- wise sojourned, And now to Helen is it home returned, There to remain." This proves he is a fool, because he is not aware of his changing love for Helena. Helena is a fool because Demetrius does not love her but she still persists in chasing him. Demetrius shows no love for Helena. (II i,line 227-228) Demetrius says, "I'll run from thee, and hide me in the brakes, And leave thee to the mercy of wild beasts." (II i,line 199-201) "Do I entice you? Do I speak you fair? Or rather do I not in plainest truth Tell you I do not, nor I cannot love you?" Demetrius clearly illustrates to Helena that he has no interest, but Helena persists. (II i,line 202-204) Helena says, "And even for that do I love you the more. I am your spaniel; and, Demetrius, The more you beat me, I will fawn on you." (II i,line 220-222) "Your virtue is my privilege. For that It is not night when I do see your face, Therefore I think I am not in the night;" This proves that Helena is a ...

Definition and Examples of Diction in English

Definition and Examples of Diction in English In rhetoric and composition, diction is the choice and use of words in speech or writing. Also called  word choice.In phonology and phonetics, diction is a way of speaking, usually judged in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution. Also called enunciation and articulation. Etymology From the Latin, to say, speak Example The principal meaning of diction is the selection and use of words or the manner of expression. But this fact does not rule out, as some purists would like to do, the companion meaning of mode of speaking or enunciation.(Theodore Bernstein, Miss Thistlebottoms Hobgoblins, 1971) Concrete and Abstract Diction Concrete and abstract diction need each other. Concrete diction illustrates and anchors the generalizations that abstract diction expresses. . . . The best writing integrates concrete and abstract diction, the language of showing and the language of telling (explaining).(David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen, Writing Analytically, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Diction and Audience Diction will be effective only when the words you choose are appropriate for the audience and purpose,  when they convey your message accurately and comfortably. The idea of comfort may seem out of place in connection with diction, but, in fact, words can sometimes cause the reader to feel uncomfortable. Youve probably experienced such feelings yourself as a listenerhearing a speaker whose words for one reason or another strike you as inappropriate.(Martha Kolln, Rhetorical Grammar. Allyn and Bacon, 1999) Levels of Language Sometimes diction is described in terms of four levels of language: (1) formal, as in serious discourse; (2)  informal, as in relaxed but polite conversation; (3) colloquial, as in everyday usage; (4)  slang, as in impolite and newly coined words. It is generally agreed that the qualities of proper diction are appropriateness, correctness, and accuracy. A distinction is usually made between diction, which refers to the choice of words, and style, which refers to the manner in which the words are used.(Jack Myers and Don Charles Wukasch, Dictionary of Poetic Terms. University of North Texas Press, 2003) Small Surprises Your diction, the exact words you choose and the settings in which you use them, means a great deal to the success of your writing. While your language should be appropriate to the situation, that generally still leaves plenty of room for variety. Skillful writers mix general and particular, abstract and concrete, long and short, learned and commonplace, connotative and neutral words to administer a series of small but telling surprises. Readers stay interested because they dont know exactly whats coming next.(Joe Glaser, Understanding Style: Practical Ways to Improve Your Writing. Oxford University  Press, 1999)Note the placing of the single low word in [Dwight]  Macdonald’s brilliantly high-flown definition of the academic prose that had already begun to jam the college libraries: The amount of verbal pomposity, elaboration of the obvious, repetition, trivia, low-grade statistics, tedious factification, drudging recapitulations of the half-comprehended, and generally inane and laborious junk that one encounters suggests that the thinkers of earlier ages had one decisive advantage over those of today: they could draw on very little research. The low word, of course, is  junk. But it helps to light up a bravura sentence full of useful noncolloquial phrases:  drudging recapitulations of the half-comprehended  is a permanently good definition of the danger posed by college courses without standards, and  low-grade statistics  has the merit of starting another discussion altogether.(Clive James, Style Is the Man. The Atlantic, May 2012) Exactness, Appropriateness, and Accuracy Word choice and usage come under the heading of diction. Some people seem to think that when it comes to word choice, bigger is always better. But using a word just because it is big is a bad idea. Youre better off using words for their exactness, appropriateness, and accuracy than for their size. The only time a bigger word is a better choice is when it is more accurate. In any case, the final decision to use this word over that should be based on the audience for whom youre writing.(Anthony C. Winkler and Jo Ray Metherell, Writing the Research Paper: A Handbook, 8th ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Weasel Words One of our defects as a nation is a tendency to use what have been called weasel words. When a weasel sucks eggs the meat is sucked out of the egg. If you use a weasel word after another, there is nothing left of the other.(Theodore Roosevelt, 1916) T.S. Eliot on Words Words strain,Crack and sometimes break, under the burden,Under the tension, slip, slide, perish,Decay with imprecision, will not stay in place,Will not stay still.(T.S. Eliot, Burnt Norton) Pronunciation: DIK-shun

Process and Tracking Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process and Tracking Control - Research Paper Example However the evaluation of the internal controls involves mostly those that are related to information systems and entity as well as its environment (Singleton, Singleton & Bologna, 2006). It is normally operated by an IT auditor who understands COSO model and is able to apply it in financial auditing during the evaluation of internal controls. Elements of the COSO Model Control environment. It is a view of the internal controls from the perspective of the entity including the environment created for processes of business and controls internally and influences of this environment on whether it is able to maintain an effective internal control system. Ways in which control environment is evaluated with regard to risks associated with it include enforcement and communication of ethical values and integrity, commitment to competence, participation of people who are charged with governance, management’s style philosophy and assignment of authority and responsibility (Singleton, Sin gleton & Bologna, 2006). Risk assessment: It refers to the ability of an entity to asses risks properly and, for those risks that are major, mitigates them up to a level that is acceptable through the use of controls. Risks may be introduced through various ways including changing of the operating environment, new information systems, and employment of a modern information systems, rapid growth and pronouncement of new accounting. Information and communication: It involves communicating information on financial reporting accurately and in a timely manner to decision makers and managers. The various ways in which it can be evaluated in regard to the associated risks include systems that support identification, then capture then exchange information in a manner and time frame that will allow personnel to undertake their responsibilities, financial reporting information, internal communication, internal control information and external communication (Singleton, Singleton & Bologna, 200 6). Control activities: These refer to actual controls themselves. The evaluation of these control activities involves various ways including general controls, application controls and physical controls. Controls are evaluated at three levels which include: design effectiveness, operational effectiveness and implementation (Singleton, Singleton & Bologna, 2006). Monitoring: It refers to the ability of an entity to effectively monitor the controls since they operate on a daily basis, individually and also cooperate with other controls. Various ways in which monitored control effectiveness are evaluated include separate and ongoing evaluations concerning internal controls over financial reporting, deficiencies that are identified and reported, assessment of the quality of internal controls performance over a given period of time, putting procedures in place so as to adjust the control system as required and utilizing relevant information that is external or independent monitors (Singl eton, Singleton & Bologna, 2006). Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) It was first issued by the IT Governance Institute, ITGI and Information systems Audit and Control Association, ISACA in the year 1998. It is regarded as de facto standard in IT Governance maturity assessment. A lot of knowledge is needed on this framework and therefore it makes it

Business Excellence Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Excellence Model - Essay Example Quality is the key because any process completed without the expected quality will be abhorred by the intended customers, leading to problems for the organization. So, Total Quality Management (TQM) is the management function, which should be incorporated in all the processes that will happen in an organization. Furthermore, if Excellence is inbuilt into that TQM, then there will be optimal quality in all the processes, making organization’s every initiative a successful endeavour. So, this paper by focusing on the term â€Å"Excellence† from the perspective of TQM, will discuss how excellence can be managed optimally in an organization. According to princeton.edu, Excellence can be defined as the â€Å"quality of excelling and also possessing good qualities of highest degree†. The term gives the same meaning when analyzed from the organizational perspective as well. That is, when the organization produces products or offers services, they have to incorporate quality in it. Only if there is quality, it can succeed, otherwise it will be disliked by the customers. While trying to maintain that quality, the organization will also or should also try to achieve excellence. This state of excellence could be some thing that is set by the organization themselves or by certain external agencies. So, only if organizations achieve excellence in quality, it can reach the ‘minds’ of the customers, then entice them and eventually ‘push’ them to buy the organization’s products or use their services. â€Å"Quality is ensuring everything we do has the customer in mind... Quality is about buil ding reputation, performance and an attitude of winning in everything we do.† (Zafirovski) The leader or the management team should always put a lot of emphasis on the concept of TQM, to provide a quality end product or service to the customer. TQM is â€Å"an organizational undertaking to improve the quality of manufacturing and service. It focuses on obtaining continuous

The European Union Essay Example for Free

The European Union Essay The decisions and procedures of the institutions of the EU have failed to achieve the objective of the European Union to promote democracy in Europe and there is a lack of legitimacy and accountability. Moreover, the proposed European Constitutional Treaty was rejected in referendums conducted in France and the Netherlands. Opinion polls have clearly indicated that citizens of Europe are showing indifference and hostility towards the functioning of the European Union’s institutions and its policies . The principal decision making institutions of the EU are the European Parliament and the European Commission, whose members are elected democratically. Legislations proposed by the Commission to the Council are carried out in order to implement the policies of the EU . The Commission dominates over the other institutions of the EU due to its exclusive competence in the executive. National Parliaments face considerable difficulty in complying with the controls and regulations of the EC. In addition, most of the technical and intricate issues have to comply with regulations made by the committees, which consist of technocrats rather than democratic institutions. Moreover, interpretation of the directives and regulations issued by the EC is difficult and requires a deep understanding of the ECJ’s case law. Furthermore, Community law overrides national legislation and national courts have to seek the ECJ’s intervention, while interpreting EU law. In addition, the EU law supersedes primary legislation . The European Commission implements its policies and legislative acts through the process of comitology in which experts from Member States and representatives of the Commission participate. The goal of this process is to enforce supranationalism . However, comitology fails to provide decisional autonomy to the Member States, does not interact with the affected parties who do not have any representation. The net effect is that comitology impedes legitimate governance . Without scrutiny and review of the affected parties’ representations, there can be no compliance with the democratic spirit . The European Parliament was endowed with deliberative qualities and represents the entire European population, which rendered it undemocratic. The European Union is an intricate combination of several frameworks such as the parliamentary system and the regulatory structure. The ECJ, which was instrumental in establishing the EU, strives hard to promote democracy in the EU . BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.Democracy within the European Community, 11 October, 2007, http://www. revision-notes. co. uk/revision/892. html. 2. Erik Oddvar Eriksen and John Erik Fossum, Democracy through strong publics in the European Union? , 11 October, 2007, http://www. arena. uio. no/publications/wp01_16. htm. 3. Joerges, C. and Vos, E. EU Committees: Social Regulation, Law and Politics, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1999. 4. Professor Vernon Bogdanor, Legitimacy, Accountability And Democracy, January 2007, 11, October, 2007, http://www. fedtrust. co. uk/admin/uploads/FedT_LAD. pdf.

Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kellys Donnie Darko Es

Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kelly's Donnie Darko While planning an evening at the cinema, individuals do not discuss the specific guidelines of genre while deciding the film of choice. A reason for seeing a Western is never because the genre has evolved from primarily racist films involving cowboys and Indians to movies that vindicate Indians and work toward demythologizing the old West. Similarly, broad generalizations of genre are constantly used to categorize film. Courtship-Romance Musicals or Rock Operas are often shuffled into the generic class of Musical, while the 1930’s films of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, examples of Courtship-Romance Musicals, are in contrast to such films as Tommy or Jesus Christ Superstar, models of Rock Operas. Genre is the most important tool in deciding taste in film, yet most people never get past discussing whether to watch a Comedy or Drama. Perhaps this tendency is due to mainstream films, which rarely challenge audiences to make decisions about complex genres, as formula films h ave become an accepted form of entertainment. Cinema must look to Independent film then to help create new forms, specifically in genre. Donnie Darko, an Independent film directed by Richard Kelly, successfully poses questions about hybrid films and complex genres. Donnie Darko transcends the typical conventions of genre to redefine cinema and set a new precedence for independent filmmakers interested in breaking the rules of tradition. Before exploring the subversion of genre in Donnie Darko, a look at genre theories is necessary. The regulations of genre have changed throughout the history of film and theorists constantly have differing ideas about the new contortions genre for... ...lins, Jim. â€Å"Television and Postmodernism†. Channels of Discourse, Reassembled. The University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, 1992. Internet Movie Database. www.imdb.com. 1993. Kelly, Richard. Donnie Darko. Darko Productions, Inc, June 8, 2000. Klages, Mary. â€Å"Postmodernism†. http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/pomo.html). April 21, 2003. Lopez, Daniel. Films by Genre. McFarland & Company, Inc.: Jefferson, NC, 1993. Schatz, Thomas. â€Å"Film Genre and the Genre Film.† Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. Oxford University Press: New York, 1998. Schiff, Stephen. â€Å"Introduction: The Repeatable Experience.† They Went Thataway: Redefining Film Genres. Mercury House: San Francisco, 1994. Vogler, Christopher. The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters. London: Boxtree, 1996.

Ethical Standards in Health Care Accounting Essay

As a health care manager, there is a need to understand the basic accounting principles and the need to be able to look at a financial report and understand what it says. Without these keys and a good ethical compass, there could be serious consequences and could result in loss of revenue, funds, termination, or even prison time. Now this may seem like an extreme statement, but without using the four elements of financial management and some good common sense, it might not be a far stretch of the truth. This paper will address the four elements of financial management and how good ethical standards and common sense ensure the best results. The Four Elements of Financial Management Financial management is simply put managing the financial aspect of a business. That involves cash coming in and cash going out. There are four elements of financial management which include planning, controlling, organizing and directing, and decision making. These four elements are important and need to be discussed separately. Planning â€Å"The purpose (of planning) is to identify objectives and then to identify the steps required for accomplishing these objectives† (Baker & Baker, 2011, p. 5). Planning allows a manager to understand what his or her organization is about, or what it wants to achieve. This stage allows a manager to lay out the basic roadmap for what needs to happen. This does not meant that this is exactly what will happen, but still it provides a starting point. Creating a plan also requires thought into developing checks and balances. Who will be in charge of what, and who will be watching over whom. Plan to make it difficult for someone to make unethical decisions. According to Chuck Gallagher, a business ethics and fraud prevention expert; â€Å"Unethical behavior(s) that morphs into fraud will always have (need, opportunity, and rationalization) at their core† (Gallagher, 2009, p.41). Planning helps eliminate the opportunity for fraud. Controlling â€Å"The purpose of controlling is to ensure that plans are being followed† (Baker & Baker, 2011, p. 5). At this stage managers use reports to see what areas are and what areas are not following their plans. The manager uses reports to ensure that financial targets are being met and that fraud is not occurring. Depending on the size of the organization, there may be many layers of controls put into place. It might be best to have someone that keeps everyone honest, at multiple levels. According to a quote in an article in Healthcare Financial Management, â€Å"’every organization ought to have a set of fairly detailed internal controls that protect its key assets. These controls should be reviewed by external and internal auditors or staff to make sure they are being adhered to’† (Sandrik, 1993, p. 4). Organizing and Directing Organizing is determining how best to use existing resources to achieve the goals of the company or organization. A few examples of this could be whether to have multiple nurses in the pediatric department today when they are needed in the ER, or whether to keep an ultrasound machine that is rarely used in a clinic, when it could best be served somewhere else. Directing is the day to day job of ensuring that resources are organized or designated in the most efficient manner. Decision Making Decision making is done continually throughout the other three elements or stages. Every time something is planned, controlled, or organized, it was because someone made a decision. Remember when making decisions to base them on the four principles of business ethics, â€Å"autonomy, which assumes every human being is capable of making his or her own choices; justice, which requires actions and practices to be fair and nondiscriminatory; beneficence, which promotes human welfare; and non-maleficence, which ensures protection of individuals from harm† (Sandrik, 1993, p. 5). Keeping transparency in a business is a great way to keep people honest as well. In July, 2010, The Healthcare Group Purchasing Industry Initiative (HGPII) received rave reviews for it â€Å"activating a formal process to ensure prompt and fair resolution of supplier complaints† and for â€Å"implementing an Independent Advisory Council to have outside observers make sure they are doing everything possible in terms of ethical standards† (Freeman, 2010, pp. 3). Conclusion Financial accounting might look like pages of numbers or gibberish; however they are the key to unlocking income potential, and success. Whether a manager is directly in charge of the reporting or in charge of something completely different, understanding these reports can help make an organization more efficient, able to offer more services, or even more profitable.

Boundryless Org Essay

1. Identify some of the problems likely to occur in a boundaryless organization like Newskool Grooves. What are the Advantages of boundaryless organizations? Some issues that have occurred at the Kiev offices, managers there said that their computer programmers find working with little structure is uncomfortable. They are used to the idea of a strong leadership structure and well-defined work processes. Trying to reach co-workers in other offices who practice boundaryless organization has become an issue for some managers. They said that when they call the office they say to wait until their meeting day which is an issue because they have an immediate issue and cannot always wait until they decide to get together. Developers working on hardware in different locations had a communication breakdown which required many hours of discussion to resolve which could have been avoided if they were all on the same track. The developers seldom met face to face and all made progress but all of them moved in different directions with the product development. An advantage of boundaryless organizations: Boundaryless organizations communicate mainly through email, phone and other virtual methods rather than more traditional face-to-face communication. The freedom to telecommute with international employees removes geographical barriers to productivity and allows for schedule flexibility. By organizing expert employees in groups and giving them decision-making authority, these companies can change quickly to meet needs and function efficiently in an ill-defined hierarchy. Employees no longer work in isolation but work as part of a team on broad, company-wide projects, quality management, just-in-time methods, lean production, and supply-chain management,† reports US Legal. To be successful, you should feel comfortable in a chaotic free-form workplace and have an ease of working with people to orchestrate the incredible amount of networking required. When employees manage and coordinate their own projects, it fosters a sense of pride in the ability to change and meet the demands of the situation fostering a strong work ethic. 2. Consider some of the cultural issues that will affect a company operating in such different parts of the world and whose employees may not be representative of the national cultures of each country. Are the conflicts you observe a function of the different types of work people have to perform? In this boundaryless company, headquarter in Berlin, Germany, structure outsourcing company in Kiev, Ukraine, marketing in Los Angeles, so many different employees with different cultures are all collaborate working together to achieve organizational goals. Employees are also very diverse in values, personality, and work preferences which are deep-level diversity. Some cultural issues that are sensitive will rise in the workplace and create unpleasant things among employees. Employees might not be working together well as they will have fighting in the decision making. A good research in understanding various biological characteristics like gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability, will better the surface-level diversity. Almost all employees are creative and like to accept challenges. Therefore, in this similar personality and work preferences, they should be emphasized in working with others as a team. Training for team building with different cultures people will be quite important. Looking at the conflicts in Newskool, like the difficulties in decision-making and employees fighting to do what they perceive is better compare to the others. It takes time for the company to come with one decision as all of the employees can participate in decision making. People that are so diverse will suggest different solutions, reflecting their different cultures. Maybe it will be good to have a proper discussion in decision making, and only few managers can have the power in making decision in the discussion. It is not a function of different types of work people have to perform. As people from different areas or departments can contribute their opinions and ideas in the same work that require one decision. Another conflict will be inefficiency. Yes, different people must perform different tasks in their organization, but Newskool is boundaryless. When Gerd, the founder and the CEO does not satisfy, he asks his employees to redo the work tasks. It will cause a waste in resources as Gerd perceive something differently from his diverse employees. Sometimes, it is good to have hierarchy as people can know who to refer, which department to function and so on. This conflict is a function of different types of work people have to perform. The employees that are sometimes so dominant and think their works are correct, refuse to listen to Gerd and do things according to their own way. 3. Based on what you know about motivation and personality, what types of people are likely to be satisfied in each area of the company? Use concepts from job characteristics theory and the emerging social relationship perspective on work to describe what might need to change to increase employee satisfaction in all areas. Types of people are likely to be satisfied are competent, anxious, empowered and open people. This based on self efficacy theory; this theory refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing task. People who posses self efficiency believe that they are capable in behaving in a way that produce that outcome they want. In Newskool Groovers, their employees are participates in decision making and innovation, creative and competent people. Because technology plays a major role as a communication medium in the boundaryless organization, much work is done from a distance via e-mail, phone, and fax. Less work is done in traditional face-to-face settings. Virtual collaboration makes it easier to use the expertise of a broader range of individuals. With telecommuting, international employees are more easily made a part of all business processes. Employees often like the freedom that boundaryless work offers them, particularly with virtual teams and more flexible work plans, arrangements, and schedules. Due to that, employee in company satisfied with the area of the company. Characteristic employees in company are likely competent and strong team skills. Concept job characteristics theory a model that proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core dimension: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback. Based on this theory, to ensure employee satisfaction in all area in Newskool Groovers are by creating and maintaining a common task and group climate to focus groups and teams on the tasks at hand and on overall strategies, focus is on how to move ideas, information, talent, and decisions where they are most necessary, increase individual skill to do a task, hence he or she is encouraged to do it, regardless of title or position, jobs are rewarded on the basis of doing the jobs, not for accomplishing the necessary work. Thus, personal accountability for the work is discouraged at the expense of accountability for the job. Boundary-less Organizations An organization has external boundaries that separate it from its suppliers and customers, and internal boundaries that provide demarcation to departments. This rigidity is removed in boundary less organizations, where the goal is to develop greater flexibility and responsiveness to change and to facilitate the free exchange of information and ideas. It is made up of self-managing and cross-functional teams that are organized around core business processes. The teams include employees from different functional areas as well as customers and suppliers. Advantages Boundary less organization is able to achieve greater integration and coordination. They are able to adapt to environmental changes. Disadvantages However, it can be difficult to overcome political and authority boundaries. It can be time consuming to manage the democratic process to coordinate the efforts of many stakeholders. Companies are moving toward network structures, a group of organizations which coordinate activities via contracts, not a hierarchy. Companies are using outsourcing, transferring activities to outside organizations such as suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Network structures are becoming complex. Nike keeps R&D in-house but outsources other functions to companies around the world. Advantages of Network Structures 1.Production costs reduced through partners with lower costs 2.High bureaucratic costs avoided with a flat structure 3.Organic organizational behavior 4.Partners replaced for unmet performance expectations 5.Access to low-cost foreign sources of inputs and expertise Disadvantages of Network Structures 1.Coordination problems emerge, followed by lack of cost reduction and improved quality 2.Difficulty in replacing partners and keeping proprietary information from competitors 3.Difficulty in obtaining ongoing learning to build core competences The Boundaryless Organization The boundaryless organization connects people by computers, faxes, video teleconferencing, and computer-aided design systems. Functional experts join an organization to meet a contract and then go to another project, but unlike members of a matrix structure, they are not part of the organization. Outsourcing offers increased flexibility and reduced costs. Designing an organizational structure is an increasingly complex management activity.

Lab Report Daphnia Essays

Lab Report Daphnia Essays Lab Report Daphnia Paper Lab Report Daphnia Paper When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise as long as the temperature isnt sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005) Alcohol is a depressant. This means that body systems will slow down when alcohol is introduced. In particular, the heart rate will get consistently lower. If too much alcohol is added, it will result in the death of the animal. The alcohol acts by inhibiting the nervous system. (Leave, 2003) After an intoxicating exposure to alcohol, an organisms system will be impaired for an extended period of time. Caffeine is a stimulant. It will work by causing the nervous system to work faster. Also, it will cause the blood vessels to constrict. (Leave, 2003) These effects will work together to increase an animals heart rate. Under normal circumstances, the heart rate will increase as more caffeine is added. At some point the high concentration of caffeine will cause the heart to stop functioning. The effect of one outside substance can impair the effects of other substances. In this experiment we will intoxicate an organism. As a result, the nervous system will have difficulty responding when we introduce a stimulant. The caffeine will have no effect on the organism, because it will be insufficient to overcome the effects of the alcohol exposure. Background Daphnia magna is a freshwater exothermic crustacean commonly referred to as a water flea. Its body is transparent. Because of its transparency we can observe the effects of substances on its body without surgical procedures. We can observe the heart of the Daphnia to be dorsal to the backbone, just behind the head. Helms, 1998) The average Daphnia has a heart rate of about 180 beats per minute under normal conditions. We will observe the effects of temperature fluctuations, alcohol, and caffeine on this exothermic animal. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: The hypothesis is that lowering the temperature of the surroundings of the exothermic Daphnia magna will cause its heart rate to lower, and raising the temperature will increase heart rate. Hypothesis 2: The hypothesis is that the heart rate of Daphnia magna will decrease as higher concentrations of alcohol solution are introduced to the system. Hypothesis 3: The hypothesis is that the heart rate of Daphnia magna will increase as higher concentrations of caffeine solution are introduced to the system. Materials and Methods For the sake of time, the experiment was split into two parts and each part was performed by a different team. One team worked on the effects of temperature hanged on heart rate. The other team worked on the effects of Alcohol and Caffeine on the heart rate. Both teams obtained a plastic pipette and cut off the tip at the first graduation from the bottom to allow Daphnia magna to fit into the pipette. The teams each obtained a depression slide and smeared a small amount of petroleum jelly on one of the wells. Any excess petroleum jelly was wiped off so that there was only one layer on the well. Then each team used their pipette to draw a Daphnia magna from the jar and placed it on the petroleum jelly covered well. A Simple was used to draw off excess fluid from the slide. Then one drop of solution was placed on the Daphnia magna to prevent it from drying out. Each slide was placed on a dissection microscope and the heart was located using the Helms manual and help from the lab instructor. Then one minute was given for the Daphnia magna to calm down. The following was the procedure used by the temperature team. After the Daphnia was given time to calm down, the team took a reading of its heart rate at room temperature (27 degrees C). The reading was taken by counting the heart beats for ten seconds and then multiplying by six to yield beats per minute. Next, a glass Petri dish was filled with ice water at five degrees Celsius. The cold water Petri dish was placed on the stage of the microscope, and the Daphnia was placed on top of the dish. When the Daphnia had been given a minute to acclimate to the changes, another heart rate reading was taken. Then the same procedure using the Petri dish to changed environmental conditions was used with cold tap water (23 degrees), warm tap water (30 degrees), and hot tap water (45 degrees). A heart rate reading was taken for each temperature. The following was the procedure used by the team that introduced chemicals onto the environment of the Daphnia. First a zero reading was taken before any chemicals were introduced. The zero reading was an observation of the Daphnia heart rate before any substances were administered. All fluids were drawn off the slide using the corner of a Simple. Then two drops of two percent alcohol solution were dropped onto the Daphnia. After a minute a heart rate reading was taken. The same procedure, including using the Simple to draw off previous solution, was then used with four, six, eight, and ten percent solutions. A heart rate reading was taken after each solution was introduced. After the last alcohol solution a Simple was used to draw off all of the solution and a drop of Daphnia culture fluid was added. After a minute another zero reading was taken. The team then used the same procedure used with alcohol to introduce caffeine solution of the same concentrations. Heart rate readings were taken after each solution. Results Table #1: Effect of Temperature Variations on Heart Rate of Daphnia magna I Temperature (C) Room Temp. 1146 1 130 degrees 10 (dead) I Heart rate (beats/minute) 224 1 123 degrees 1214 1 15 degrees 1 145 degrees As the environment got further away from room temperature the effects were ore pronounced. The heart rate got increasingly lower as Daphnia was placed in colder environments. The heart rate was 224 BPML at room temperature, then 182 at 23 degrees, and then 146 at 5 degrees. When the temperature was considerably higher than room temperature the Daphnia could not handle the extreme, and it died. Death occurred at 45 degrees. (Table 1) Table #2: Effect of Alcohol Solutions on Heart Rate of Daphnia magna I Concentration of Solution 1126 42 10% 157 118 184 130 As higher concentrations of alcohol were introduced, the heart rate of Daphnia lowered on a steady trend. Heart rate was 84 BPML with 2% alcohol, 57 BPML with 4% alcohol, and 42 BPML at 6% alcohol. It can also be observed that the resting heart rate of this Daphnia was considerable lower than that of the Daphnia used in the temperature experiments. (Table 2) Table #3: Effect of Caffeine Solution on Heart Rate of Daphnia magna I 16 4% 6 I O (dead) The zero heart rate was lower than the heart rate at the highest level of alcohol concentration. As higher concentrations of caffeine solution were introduced, there was no effect on this Daphnia. When a ten percent solution was added the heart stopped. (Table 3) Discussion Table 1 showed the trend of Daphnia magmas heart rate lowering as temperatures were lowered. Based on this data it can be reasoned that Daphnia heart rate will lower anytime it is introduced to a colder environment. At some point Daphnia would freeze and die, but barring that point the heart rate would get lower and lower with colder temperatures. Along the same line of thinking, increasing environmental temperatures would increase Daphnia heart rate until the temperature is too high for survival. This data did not completely support the hypothesis because there was no provision for the possibility of death in the hypothesis. Fifth data had supported the hypothesis the Daphnia would have had a higher heart rate at 45 degrees rather than dying. Table 2 showed the effects of alcohol on Daphnia heart rate. The higher the concentration of alcohol, the lower Daphnia heart rate got. It can be assumed that this trend would continue until the Daphnia died. This data supported the hypothesis. Table 3 showed the effects of caffeine on Daphnia. This table showed no trend. As a result of the lack of a trend, this data did not support the hypothesis. This can be explained several ways. First, it could have been experimental error. The solution team could have forgotten to use a Simple to remove an alcohol solution from the Daphnia. There also could have been errors in the way Daphnia was handled. Another possible explanation was that the Daphnia was too weak from the beginning. The Daphnia in the temperature experiments had a considerably higher heart rate than that of the Daphnia used in the solution experiments. This could show that the solution Daphnia was weak at the onset of the experiment. As a result the alcohol exposure was unrecoverable for that Daphnia. The exothermic qualities of Daphnia explained the effects of temperature on he animal. Campbell, 2005) Daphnia was more tolerant to lower temperatures than to higher temperatures. This was expected since Daphnia usually lives in cold water. (Leave, Bibb) The alcohol affected Daphnia as expected. (Leave, 2003) When the caffeine was introduced to the system, there was no change. This was not what we expected based on knowledge of how stimulants affect a nimals. (Leave, 2003) This can be explained by the excessive nervous system inhibition caused by the alcohol. This experiment can be used to show the practical application of chemicals and temperatures in regulating body function.

Business Forecasting and Data Analysis Method

Discuss about the Business Forecasting and Data Analysis Method. It has been evaluated that the stock price of GLB is lower pared to that of CRH. Hence, in order to increase its stock price, there are certain options available to the organisation to ensure petitive advantage in the Singapore market. One of such options is the stock repurchase, which would lead to increased demand of stock in the market. As a result, the price of GLB stock would rise in the market. In addition, stock repurchase would help GLB to convince the investors about the reliability of the stock, since the pany expects positive future performance in the market. Along with this, raising debt from the market of Singapore is another option available to GLB to boost its share price. This is because obtaining debt would minimise the overall risk of GLB; however, it is assumed that the organisation has not attained the point of financial distress. Furthermore, depending on the debt amount and way of obtaining the same, it could have positive impact on the share price of the organisation. It has been assessed that CRH has high stock market volatility, which could reduce the return on investments for the investors. Therefore, in order to deal with this situation, CRH is required to develop a plan of risk management to protect against any unanticipated loss with the help of insurance. It could adopt proactive steps for cross training to bat with such risk. As a result, when the stock price of CRH falls in the Singapore market, it could cover its losses from the insurance panies, which would not significantly affect the profitability of the organisation. Hence, it could be inferred that stock repurchase and raising debt are two alternatives available to GLB to boost its share price, while CRH needs to transfer the risk to insurance panies to hedge against the stock volatility. The above assignment aims to evaluate the stock price position of Cemebt Road Group (CRH) and Glanbia (GLB). The different statistical tools like descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used to increase the reliability of the conducted evaluation on the two above-mentioned organisations. With the help of inferential statistics, the hypothesis testing has been conducted. The descriptive statistics conducted include measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. From the mean value puted, it is evident that the share price of CRH has been quite higher pared to GLB. This denotes that GLB has been highly effective in winning the trust of the investors due to higher dividend payout and returns on investments. The median value also depicts the identical scenario, in which the CRH has higher share price value than GLB. However, the standard deviation value depicts that the stock of CRH contains greater amount of risk. Therefore, the investors could be able to earn huge returns either on investments or below the expected returns. This has been validated with the regression ou es obtained. Therefore, a series of r mendations have been provided to both the organisations to improve their overall financial performance. GLB is r mended to conduct stock repurchase and raising debt from the Singapore market in order to boost its share price. This is because stock repurchase would help in increasing the stock demand, which would eventually lead to higher share price. In addition, raising debt would have positive impact on the share price; however, it is assumed that the organisation has not attained the point of financial distress. On the other hand, CRH is r mended to develop a risk management plan by transferring risk to the insurance panies. This is because when the stock price of CRH falls in the Singapore market, it could cover its losses from the insurance panies, which would not significantly affect the profitability of the organisation.

The Economic Advantages and Disadvantages of the UK Remaining in the Assignment

The Economic Advantages and Disadvantages of the UK Remaining in the EU - Assignment Example The UK has an important role in enhancing the EU's strength through its vast economic power that it has earned through its wide range of industrial-commercial and socio-cultural environmental factors (Jones, 2007). Its EU membership has, however, been cited to be one-sided, and thus has been termed detrimental to the region’s economy. The EU's total contribution to the improvement of Britains economy compared to the UK economy contribution is less significant. As a result, a referendum on opting out of our remaining in the EU for British citizens has been proposed as required by the EU (De Waele, 2005). Britain’s continued membership of the EU is very beneficial in terms of trade as it provides the UK with one of the largest single markets for its products. However, the costs seem to surpass the benefits. For instance, since 1979, Britain has paid about â‚ ¬260 billion to the EU and only received â‚ ¬97 back in benefits (De Waele, 2005). The essay examines why it is more beneficial for the UK to opt out of the EU than it is detrimental to the region’s economy. The exit of the UK from the EU zone is more beneficial to the region’s economic growth and development than it is detrimental to the economy. The UK spends ridiculously large amounts of money in the EU in terms of membership fees and other â€Å"hidden tariff† costs paid by the UK taxpayers due to red tape, waste, fraud and other factors. For instance, in 2014/15, a net payment of  £8.6 billion out of a total  £731 billion in public spending was paid into the EU budget by the UK (â€Å"UK Budget†, 2015). The amount of the money is far much less than the contribution the UK makes towards the development of roads and railways, which is  £5.2 billion and  £3 billion respectively. It also surpasses the jobseekers’ allowances that amounts to  £4.9 billion (â€Å"UK Budget†, 2015).