Prison Crowding Essay

Prison overcrowding is referred to as one of the major social problems in the United States. The problem of prison crowding has also touched Great Britain, some European countries, and finally, the developing world. During the 14 years between 1980 and 1994, the U. S. prison population has grown 172 percent (Bleich, 1999); more than 30,000 state prisoners spend their days and nights in country jails, waiting for new cells. The consequences of prison overcrowding are reflected in the whole set of broad social phenomena, from prison violence to higher rates of recidivism. The late 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s have been characterized by the growing number of prisoners in the U. S. â€Å"The United States produced a rate of growth in the nation’s prison population that scholars and legal commentators have repeatedly characterized as ‘unprecedented’† (Gaes & McGuire, 1995). The number of prisoners was growing so fast that prison officials failed to develop effective systems and supervising networks that would maintain social and criminal stability across all correctional facilities at the federal level. The reasons and causes of prison overcrowding are numerous and require different approaches; but with financial and social resources being limited, federal authorities are unprepared to meeting the social challenges of prison overcrowding in the U. S. Organizational instability in prison system produces numerous adverse effects, including the development of dysfunctional psychological responses among younger prisoners and the system’s inability to satisfy the basic needs of prisoners. The causes of prison overcrowding are different and numerous: mandatory minimum sentencing, denial of parole, a variety of â€Å"zero tolerance† criminal policies, drug wars, and even trivial acts’ criminalization lead to the prisoners’ population increase (Bleich, 1999). Poverty and homelessness are the two indirect causes of prison overcrowding. The absence of effective anti-recidivism programs results in the growing number of prisoners in all types of correctional facilities. However, the discussion of prison overcrowding issues should start with the evaluation of psychological problems inmates face in crowded cells: â€Å"there is growing evidence that the Post Incarceration Syndrome is a contributing factor to high rates of recidivism. The cruelty of guards and staff remains a primary problem; those in prison are subjected to verbal violence and ridicule for anything from sexual preference to gender identity† (Gaes & McGuire, 1995). These violent attitudes significantly contribute into the growing levels of recidivism; many of those who have been imprisoned for the first time are sentenced for the second and the third time before their first imprisonment term comes to an end. Objectively, prison overcrowding forms a kind of a vicious circle, with violence, assaults, disciplinary penalties and recidivism in its center. The problem would not be so complex, if not for the growing social tensions between the inmates, the prison staff, and the rest of the American citizens. Prison overcrowding leads to the development of dysfunctional behaviors among prisoners, to the growing amount of unsatisfied needs, and to excessive application of force and violence needed to maintain social order in prisons. These threatening tendencies lead to the disruption of the traditional social structures, where the â€Å"imprisoned† gradually replace â€Å"socially free† population, further increasing the level of society’s criminalization in the country. Dysfunctional behaviors are particularly problematic among younger prison population; young prisoners are more susceptible and vulnerable to the changes which occur in prison; recent researches have proved young prisoners’ vulnerability to â€Å"restricted conditions, since there is neither the space, the facilities, nor the resources to provide inmates with a full range of training, work, and educational opportunities, when there are too many prisoners to cope with† (Ekland-Olson & Barrick, 1983). Young prisoners are more sensitive and volatile in their aggressive reactions to the new type of prison environment; as a result, they are more likely to be punished by prison officials through segregation units, isolated housing unites, or similar administrative measures. In these violent contexts, young prisoners risk committing another crime, thus contributing into the growth of recidivism in the American prisons. Dysfunctional psychological responses and the growth of â€Å"young recidivism† are not the only consequences of prison overcrowding; by filling prisons and jails above their capacity, prison officials fail to satisfy even the basic needs of prisoners. Health, nutrition, and social needs of prisoners are simply neglected, raising their sensitivity to various types of social threats, including health epidemics, aggression, and violence. Beyond normal sleeping and eating conditions, prisoners need vocational training, education, and meaningful jobs. Prisoners require extensive work experiences that will further help them adapt to real-life conditions beyond the prison walls. Prison overcrowding deprives prison officials of effective and reliable needs assessment and screening instruments and strategies, which could be universally applied to improve the prisoners’ well-being. The current prison system in the U. S. does not guarantee that prisoners’ basic civil rights will be followed while they are being imprisoned. Unfortunately, thousands and thousands of prisoners are still in need of treatment and counseling for different types of mental and physical health disorders (Bleich, 1999). As a result, by the time these prisoners are released on probation they are likely to face social rejection and negligence, leading recidivism and violence. Intimidation and force remain the two most effective instruments used to maintain order in prisons. A crowded prison can be compared to a â€Å"boiling cauldron of inmate hostility, ready to erupt instantaneously into a riot† (Cavadino & Dignan, 2002). In the absence of other relevant governing mechanisms, violence seems the easiest universal method of keeping prisoners’ behaviors under control. â€Å"For example, in maximum security prisons in California, guards armed with rifles are strategically positioned inside mainline housing units and authorized to respond to inmate disturbances with lethal force† (Gaes & McGuire, 1995). Violence and intimidation are further aggravated by the lack of appropriate staff resources that could potentially maintain stability and organizational order in prisons and jails. Violence and the lack of professional staff negatively impact the quality of relationships between prison officials and inmates, making the crisis of control and legitimacy the central social element of prison overcrowding in the U. S. (Cavadino & Dignan, 2002). In the light of the abovementioned issues, the natural question is whether overcrowding can be minimized and avoided, and what should be done to improve the quality of life in prisons. Researchers and professionals suggest that probation reform may change the situation in the American prison system. â€Å"Forty percent of prison intakes are from probation violations, and half of those violators are put into the prison system because of technical violations† (Hicks, 2006). By reducing probation sentencing terms and simplifying supervision rules, prison officials are likely to resolve the majority of issues related to prison overcrowding and its social consequences. Federal authorities and criminal justice professionals are to reconsider the criteria applied to zero tolerance policies and juvenile delinquency, to minimize the portion of young population in prisons. Ultimately, the basic needs of current prisoners should be assessed and addressed, to ensure that ex-prisoners are able to adapt to the changing real-life conditions and to return to regular work and life performance after being released from prison (jail). Conclusion Prison overcrowding leads to the development of distorted and dysfunctional social visions in the American society. Violence and intimidation remain the two widely accepted instruments of maintaining order in prisons. Young prisoners are particularly vulnerable to aggression and violence in jails. The reduction of probation sentencing terms and supervision rules simplification may resolve the majority of social issues related to prison overcrowding in the U. S. , but federal authorities still lack appropriate resources that could be used to simplify the organizational structure of prison system in the country.

An Analysis On Value Chain In TVS Group

An Analysis On Value Chain In TVS Group TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPICS Page No 1. INTRODUCTION OF TWO WHEELER AUTOMOBILE SECTOR: -4- 2. GLOBAL TWO WHEELER MARKET – 2009 -4- 3. TWO-WHEELERS PURCHASE TREND -5- 4. INDIA AS A GLOBAL AUTOMOBILE MARKET PLAYER. -6- 5. INTRODUCTION OF TV SUNDARAM IYENGAR AND SONS LIMITED (TVSS). -8- 6. TVS MOTORS AS A TWO WHEELER PIONEERS. -10- . OVERVIEW OF TVS, QUALITY, FINANCIALS & GROWTH PLANS-15- 8. IT’S COMPETITORS. -13- 9. TVSM – STRATEGY FOR GROWTH-15- 10. SCOOTY PEP + -17- 11. SWOT ANALYSIS OF SCOOTY PEP-19- 12. CONCLUSION-19- 13. BIBLIOGRAPHY-20- INTRODUCTION OF TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY Automobile is one of the largest industries in global market. Being the leader in product and process technologies in the manufacturing sector, it has been recognized as one of the drivers of economic growth. During the last decade, well directed efforts have been made to provide a new look to the automobile policy for realizing the sector's full potentia l for the economy. Aggressive marketing by the auto finance companies have also played a significant role in boosting automobile demand, especially from the population in the middle income group. Two-wheeler segment is one of the most important components of the automobile sector that has undergone significant changes due to shift in policy environment. The two-wheeler industry has been in existence in the country since 1955. It consists of three segments viz. scooters, motorcycles and mopeds. In India there are some MNC’s and Indian company dealing in automobile sector. The main key players who are dealing in this sector are Hero Honda, Bajaj, Yamaha, Honda, and TVS. Global two wheeler market – 2009 Two-wheelers to remain the preferred option over Cars – The ownership and maintenance cost of a car is 4 times of a two wheeler – Two wheelers deliver a superior mileage of 70kmpl as compared to 12kmpl of the cars. – Mileage is a key factor influencing buying behavior. Size of the total market: 43 million numbers [pic] Two-wheelers Purchase Trend- India is on every major global automobile player's roadmap and it isn't hard to see why: [pic] ? India is the 2nd largest two-wheeler market in the world, ? th largest commercial vehicle market in the world ? 11th largest passenger car market in the world and is ? Expected to become the 7th largest by 2016. Two-wheelers on a roll ? The demand drivers for the two-wheeler industry are ? High growth in service sector @ 9% ? Favorable demographics – a young population, rising hous e-hold incomes, increasing literacy levels ? Faster introduction of new models ? Increasing replacement demand (from 6 to 3 years) ? Absence of effective public transport. ? Increased availability of low cost retail finance (more than 1500 locations) pic] The key factors emerging are:- †¢ Target audience for two-wheelers is huge. †¢ 140 mn people will be added to the working population in the next 5 years time. [pic] Two-wheelers to remain the preferred option over Cars – The ownership and maintenance cost of a car is 4 times of a two wheeler – Two wheelers deliver a superior mileage of 70kmpl as compared to 12kmpl of the cars – Mileage is a key factor influencing buying behavior. [pic] 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Introduction of TV Sundaram Iyengar and Sons Limited (TVSs) pic]TVS Motors is the second largest company in the two-wheeler industry with a market share of 16%. Infect, it is the only Indian company without a foreign colla boration in the two-wheeler industry. When the company opted out of the collaboration with Suzuki in 2002, many believed that TVS was headed towards extinction. But the company proved the doomsayers wrong and came out with a very successful `TVS Victor'. TVS Motors Ltd. originally incorporated in 1982 to manufacture two-wheelers in collaboration with Suzuki Motors of Japan, TVS was one of the leaders in two-wheeler industry. It is the holding company for the TVS Group of companies engaged in the manufacturing of various automotive components, two wheelers and a few other industrial products. They are also into the financial services sector. The turnover of the entire group was close to $2 billion in 2003. TVS was founded by T. V. Sundaram Iyengar in 1911. It is the only automotive manufacturer in India to get the prestigious Deming Prize. One of its subsidiaries Sundaram Clayton was the first company in India to receive the Deming followed by Sundaram Brake Linings also getting the Deming Prize. This prize is â€Å"given to organizations or divisions of organizations that have achieved distinctive performance improvement through the application of TQM in a designated year. † Sundaram Clayton went on to be awarded the Japan Quality Medal. The TVS group of companies is mainly situated in Padi, Tamil Nadu, in the outskirts of Chennai (formerly Madras) |Type |Private Conglomerate (BSE) | |Founded |in 1911 by Shri. T V Sundaram Iyengar | |Headquarters |Chennai, Tamilnadu, India | |Key people |Mr. Venu Srinivasan Chairman | |Products |Motorcycles,Mopeds,Ungeared scooters, Automotive components | |Revenue |USD 3. billion (FY 2009) | |Employees |5,633 (2007) | |Website |www. tvsmotor. in | TVS Motors:- TVS Motor Company has its origin in SUndaram Clayton Limited, Moped Division, started in 1980. The factory was started in Hosur, Tamil Nadu in southern India. The first product launched was a 50 cc moped, which appealed to the asses because of its capability to carry two people. In the same location, the same promoters started another company in 1984, in collaboration with Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan, for the manufacture of 100 cc motorcycles under the brand name of Ind-Suzuki Motorcycles. Subsequently in the moped division was bought by Ind Suzuki Motorcycles in 1987 and the company changed its name to TVS Suzuki Ltd. Even though the company started producing all kinds of two wheelers like mo peds, scooters and motorcycles, the collaboration with Suzuki continued for the motorcycles only. The collaboration with Suzuki Motor Corporation ended in 2001 and since then the name of the company changed to TVS Motor Company. The company now develops all types of two-wheelers through its own in house R&D facility and manufactures in three locations in India, Hosur in Tamil Nadu, Mysore in Karnataka and Baddi in Himachal Pradesh. It has recently started a new manufacturing plant in Indonesia to cater to the South East Asian market. The Chairman and Managing Director of the Company is Mr. Venu Srinivasan who is the grandson of TV Sundaram Iyengar. OPERATIONS REVIEW Quality The Company has significantly improved the quality performance of all its products through a systematic task force approach. The fact that the Company came out with Industry first five year extended warranty program on Star brand is a testimony to its manufacturing quality. TQM The Company continues to benefit from 100% participation of employees in TQM activities. The employees have completed more than 1,200 projects through QC Circles and Cross Functional Teams. The average number of suggestions implemented per employee was 69 during 2007-08. Cost management The Company continues its rigorous focus on costs through an effective deployment system. Value engineering and aggressive global sourcing projects are being pursued to reduce material costs and also to partially neutralize input material cost increase. TPM is practiced in all the plants to ensure significant improvement in productivity and reduction in manufacturing cost. During 2007-08, the Hosur and Mysore plants were awarded the TPM excellence certificate by the Japanese Institute of Plant Management (JIPM). Going forward- Going forward, the road for TVS appears to be bumpy. Automobile industry is the most competitive industry with competition on all fronts viz. pricing, innovations, supply chain, efficiency etc. The situation is further aggravated by rise in raw materials like steel, rubber, plastics etc, as the company is not able to increase the selling price in proportion, thereby affecting the net profit growth. This is evident from the fact that though in FY04 sales grew by 4%, operating profit fell by 1%. Though the raw material prices have cooled off from their peaks, we expect margins to remain under pressure in near future. Riding on significant growth in the two-wheeler segment over the years, coupled with strong cash position and expectation of buoyant economy, two wheeler companies have been planning capacity expansions. Hero Honda has embarked on a green field expansion plan (initial investment of Rs 2. 5 bn). Bajaj Auto (BJAT. BO, news) is expected to increase its capacity by 33% by June 2005. Similarly Honda Motors and Scooters (SCOO. BO, news) India Ltd, 100% subsidiary of Honda Motors Japan is expected to double its capacity in FY06. These developments are likely to create a significant increase in supply of two wheelers, changing the demand supply scenario and thus putting pressure on margins. As compared to TVS, its competitors are sitting with on a huge pile of cash. Hero Honda generated close to Rs 9 bn from operations, where as Bajaj Auto generated Rs 15 bn from operation in FY04, thereby are in a better position to execute expansion plans. TVS generated Rs 2 bn from operations in FY04. National Council for Applied and Economic Research (NCAER), in its report has projected that the demand for motorcycles will be almost 10 times of that of the scooters by 2011-12. TVS, traditionally is considered to be a regional player with a strong hold in Southern region. As per NCAER report, major demand for Scooters is expected to come from northern region, which will account for 50% of the total demand. Similarly the major demand for motorcycle is expected to be from Western region, which will account for 40% of the total demand. Thus it will require considerable effort on part of the management to significantly improve their presence in these regions. This may have an adverse impact on profits due to additional expenditure on account of advertising and publicity. Suzuki sees TVS Motor as main competitor SUZUKI MOTOR Corporation (SMC) and Venu Srinivasan-led TVS Group may have parted company. But the separation seems to be still working on the mind of the erstwhile foreign partner in the former joint venture TVS Suzuki Ltd. (now TVS Motor). SMC, which is now entering the Indian two-wheeler segment independently, has sort of identified TVS Motor as its principal competitor. In a chat with the visiting Indian newspersons at Hamamatsu in Japan, Shinzo Nakanishi, Managing Director, had on more than one occasion indicated that their target would be TVS Motor. Suzuki would aim to match the production and sales of TVS. Otherwise, there is no meaning for the divorce,† he asserted. Suzuki is currently waiting for the `cooling off' period post-separation to end to launch head-on into the Indian two-wheeler market. The cooling-off period ends in April 2004. Mr. Nakanishi indicated that the SMC joint venture with Integra Group would go on stream in the autumn of 2005. While declining to di vulge the capacity of the proposed plant, he said the initial Suzuki investment in the venture would be around $10 million. To a question, he said, the joint venture would focus on producing products in the growing segments (100cc to 150cc four-stroke vehicles). Suzuki had picked the plant location in Haryana in view of the fact that Maruti Udyog had already established a large vendor base around that place. Mr. Nakanishi said Integra would function only as a facilitator for Suzuki to get into the two-wheeler business. â€Å"It will be a gate for us. We will buy them out over a period,† he added. Asked to comment on TVS Motor's proposal to enter the Southeast Asian market, Mr. Nakanishi was guarded but did not mince words. â€Å"We will fight them out there as well,† he asserted. The market in Southeast Asia was competitive, he said. And, Suzuki had presence in countries like Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. Indian two wheeler market – Competitive Scenario [pic] India is now the second largest two-wheeler market in the world TVS Motor Company – Mission We are committed to being a highly profitable, socially responsible, and leading manufacturer of high value for money, environmentally friendly, lifetime personal transportation products under the TVS brand, for customers predominantly in Asian markets and to provide fulfilment and prosperity for employees, dealers and suppliers. Vision Statement TVS Motor – Driven by the customer TVS Motor will be responsive to customer requirements consonant with its core competence and profitability. TVS Motor will provide total customer satisfaction by giving the customer the right product, at the right price, at the right time. TVS Motor – The Industry Leader TVS Motor will be one among the top two two-wheeler manufacturers in India and one among the top five two-wheeler manufacturers in Asia. TVS Motor Company is the third largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and one among the top ten in the world, with annual turnover of more than USD 1 billion in 2007-2008, and is the flagship company of the USD 4 billion TVS Group. [pic] TVSM – Strategy for growth †¢ Secure product leadership by – Introducing brands that break compromises for customers. – Offering the most innovative ‘package’ of product, access and finance. – Faster introduction of Refresh / upgrades †¢ Forge TVSM into an organization that is ‘fit for growth’ by – Delivering best-in-class durability & reliability Building a lean and flexible manufacturing with faster ramp-up capability. – Aggressive global sourcing – Sweating assets to the maximum. – Leveraging the power of IT across core functions. †¢ Accelerate development & deployment of energy-efficient technologies. TVS Motor posts 23% growth in November 2009 Sco oters grow at 38%; Domestic Sales increase 38% Hosur, 01 December 2009: TVS Motor Company has posted 23% growth in November 2009, registering total two wheeler sales of 120,844 units against 98,402 units in the corresponding period of the previous year. The company continued to post growth in sales for the eighth consecutive month, registering a cumulative growth of 8% with sales of 989,353 units in the current financial year up to November 2009 against 917,439 units in the same period last year. Domestic sales of the company witnessed a quantum increase in sales positing growth of 38% recording 106,836 units in November 2009 as against 77,491 in the corresponding period of the previous year. The company's scooter sales grew by 38% posting 25,115 units when compared to 18,210 units in the corresponding period of the previous year. Total motorcycle sales of the company stood at 45,080 units in November 2009 when compared to 45,276 units recorded in November 2008. Exports recorded sales of 14,008 units of two wheelers in November 2009 as against 60,911 units in the corresponding period of the previous year. During the month, the company unveiled two novel products, 110 cc motorcycle TVS Jive and 110 cc automatic scooter, TVS WEGO. TVS Jive features innovative T-Matic technology with rotary gear technology coupled with an automatic clutch. The bike's anti-stall mechanism makes smooth riding possible at low speeds even in high gears, without the engine shutting off. The downward rotary gear system enables the rider to reach neutral straight from top gear. The bike can be started in any gear and is fitted with an electric start for convenience. TVS WEGO is a multi-user, family-friendly and sleek metal bodied scooter that strikes a perfect balance between stability and maneuverability, power and mileage, and sturdiness and ease, making it a delight to ride for any category of users. The company hopes to add around 15% to 20% to its monthly sales, once these new products are made available in the market. SCOOTY PEP + The TVS Scooty Pep Plus is a modern 4 stroke 75cc scooty that is ideal for the ladies. Its powerful engine generates maximum power of 3. 68kw (5 bhp) @ 6500rpm and maximum torque of 5. 8 @ 4000 rpm. [pic] Some of the best features of the Scooty Pep Plus are jewel box headlamp, integrated tail lamp, chrome plated exhaust, multi reflector indicators, and the striking pillion grab rail. Besides these, there are many other features to this scooterette that prove very user-friendly- auto choke, bag hooks, compartmentalized utility box, auto fuel tap, glove box push and pull bag holder among others. The Pep Plus Scooty comes in dual texture colors and arresting graphics. TVS Scooty has always been a good looker. The Pep+ retains the familiar face with its friendly expression but gets a tangy new set of graphics. The grab-rail also now matches its body color. Dual-tone shades spruce up the scooter with a racy chequered look on the front apron and rear panels. Grips, levers, switchgear and mirrors are top-notch. The only drawback is absence of a rear brake-locking clamp. In a smart move, the key slot itself is florescent, so as to allow grope-free access in the dark. There's also a new cell phone-charging point. Pep+ lights up its lockable under seat storage bay and offers yet another smart feature that would do well on any such scooterette, a spring at the mounting pivot prevents the seat from accidentally closing at a fuel station and crushing unsuspecting fingers. It retains its quality feel in offering alloy rims, both front and rear. The refreshed force air-cooled Plus motor feels just as buzz-free and convenient in its automatic ways as before, but there is a difference with healthy dozes of supplementary performance begging to be used. The Plus not only feels meaty where it matters most in its low- and midrange punch, but does manage a relatively respectable top speed of 71kph delivered with refinement. Sitting on the Scooty is comfortable for all except the tallest and the heaviest, who will surely feel cramped. The Scooty was always bold offering twin telescopic forks as front suspension. While the rest of the industry sticks with diminutive and far less effective front dampers, the Pep Plus carries forward this handling-enhancing theme. At the rear, there is a single shock absorber doing duty in conjunction with its hinged engine. The alloy rim-shod Pep Plus is set just right for a ride quality that doesn't wallow overtly, nor feels too firm. It's a well-damped scooterette that offers as much stability as can be expected from any two-wheeler on 10-inch wheels. It steers accurately, turn-in to corners is feather-like and cornering manners satisfactory. The 110mm drum brakes are adequate kit for this vehicle, and offer fine feedback through their individual levers. SWOT ANALYSIS StrengthWeakness |Huge sale network (3500 Dealers). |Suppose to be very sophisticated. | |Better sale service. |Not fit for ruler India. | |It has the highest share in automobile sector. |They have big gap between cubic capacities of its products. | |It has a good brand image. |Its market share is reducing from last few years. | |It gives better service for customers. |Spare parts are too costly. | |Best customer preference. | |Debt equity ratio is only 0. 1. | | |If they are able to improvise the fuel efficiency of Scooty pep+, it |Main threats to TVS are their competitors like:- | |will be a golden opportunity to take over the market. |Bajaj Auto Ltd. | |Growing world demand for entry-level motorcycles especially in emerging|Hero Honda. | |markets |Yamaha Motors India. | |The cost of the product is very high in comparison to other companies. | Opportunitie sThreats CONCLUSION:- †¢ Long term growth prospects for the industry is attractive. †¢ TVSM poised to grow ahead of market through strong innovation and faster upgrades. †¢ Exports will be a key thrust area and will contribute to 10% of sales. †¢ Indonesian project will be an adjacency to current operations and will improve geographical insurance. †¢ Focused efforts to reduce cost will improve profitability. Awards and Accolades _ 2002 – Deming Application prize ( First powered two wheeler company in the world to be awarded this prize for TQM ) _ 2002 – Best Technology award for TVS Victor from Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt of India _ 2003 – Best managed and most investor friendly company by Business today _ 2004 – ‘Best design’ award in the two wheeler category for Scooty PEP from National Institute of design and Business world _ 2005 – ‘Mother Theresa’ award for best Corporate citizen BIBLIOGRAPHY- www. google. com www. tvsmotorsltd. com www. tvsmotor. in   

Bloom taxonomy

Bloom’s taxonomy or also known as the revised bloom taxonomy is a great teaching tool to use when teaching patients about their illness. It consists of three categories and then multiple sub-categories. Blooms taxonomy addresses not only the patient’s readiness to learn but it address the appropriate approach to each individual situation. It gives a systematic way of approaching a topic and the audience that will be learning. When this method is applied to nursing it is a great tool. This is due to the fact that each patient has different cognitive factors, different psychomotor factors as well as an affective domain. Bloom’s Cognitive categories have to do with how the mind can process or regenerate the information provided during a teaching session. There are six sub-categories to the cognitive category. The six are remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create. A teacher should be able to determine where in this pyramid is the patient. What teaching strategies must be changed and modified to fit the patient lifestyle. The second category is the Affective domain. This is how patients address their emotions to specific problems. This will show what a patient or student values and what motivates them to be who they are. This category has five sub-categories receiving, respecting, valuing, organizing and internalizing. This is the category that will determine if the patient is willing to accept this disease or new lifestyle change into their life. This will tell a teacher where on the scale the patient is willing to rate their disease and how it will affect their life. The Third and final category is psychomotor. This tells the teacher if the patient is physically able to complete the task asked of them. This will allow the teacher to gage if the patient is able to successfully complete what is needed of them to live with their disease process. There are five sub-categories imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization. There is a great example of this category, teaching a patient to use a new nebulizer treatment. The patient will go through reach step of the process till they  can finally reach the goal of naturalization. Conclusion Blooms taxonomy learning tool can break down the heart of teaching and give it meaning to apply to most any professions. Nursing is just one of those professions that teaching is a large part of the job, on a daily basis. Blooms taxonomy should be used each day on a nursing unit from the admission date to the discharge date.

Documentary photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Documentary photography - Essay Example Documentary photography belongs to a field in photography that utilizes pictures to portray historical information. Visual evidences are employed to document specific events. Instead of purely aesthetic purposes, this school of photography delves into the various social and political issues of the subjects. According to Rothstein, â€Å"The subject matter of documentary photography is unlimited, but not every photograph is documentary. It should convey a message that sets it apart from a landscape, a portrait, or a street scene† (1986, p.19). Most of the time, the pictures evoke emotions of anger, intrigue, and shock. A number of magazines and newspapers capitalize on these visuals to communicate their respective stories. These images are ideal in moving people’s thoughts and actions. Hence, documentary photographers act like eyewitnesses for the general public. They engage other people with social issues through the evidences of their photos. They capture their reflect ions of the messages in different communities for people to see. The photographer’s skills to combine art, journalism, and education are needed in producing valuable results. These records of diplomatic and collective situations aim to pave way for social change. One of the famous 20th century photographers in this area is Paul Strand. He uncovered the potential of photography as forceful vehicles. He is known for his works’ ardor, clarity, and sophistication (Strand, 2009) . His work covered different kinds of locations in Africa, Europe, and of course, his homeland, America. Unmistakably, his interest consisted of various themes and categories over the years. He was a student of Lewis Hine, a renowned documentary photographer. Later, he was introduced to Steiglitz and Steichen, operators of the 291 gallery. After sometime, Strand’s works were featured in Steiglitz’ photography publication called Camera work. Many of Strand’s work were also exhibi ted in the gallery. Much of his famous pictures were on the geometric structures of the city life. His images eventually won prizes at the Wanamaker Photography competitions. In his book, Masters of Photography, Strand featured a number of his photos. Some of the notable photographs are â€Å"Blind Woman, New York† and â€Å"Yawning Woman† (2009). In 1916, his photo of a blind woman highlighted a realistic theme. This image depicts his excellent skill in taking photos without the subject’s knowledge. The photo shows a head-and-shoulder portrait of a woman wearing a sign, â€Å"blind†. This effectively represents one of the diverse minority groups during his time. It challenged the society’s stand on equality, labeling, and rights for individuals with special needs. His other striking photo of a yawning woman was taken in 1917. This candid photo shows a portly female resting at the sidewalk of New York. Similar with his previous work, it demonstrate s a pure image of daily life in an urban area. It illustrates New York and the distinct characters that occupy it. Pictorialism Pictorialism views photography as an avenue for embodying fine art. In this angle, a picture’s aesthetic essence is quite emphasized. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, it is â€Å"an approach to photography that emphasizes the beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the documentation of reality†

Social Security Reform Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Security Reform Plan - Essay Example The first aspect that needs to be changed in the current Social Security policy is the issue of life expectancy. As we speak, most of the payments made are based on the nineteen thirties and forties. At that time, many beneficiaries were expected to live up to an age of fifty five, however, this life expectancy has increased upwards and it is currently at seventy seven years. Experts agree that it would definitely make sense to include this age related issue in the process of making reforms. (Concord Coalition) There are two major options which the US government can take to tackle this issue. They can either increase the amount of taxes being collected from social security contributors or they have the alternative of reducing the amount of benefits going to retirees. The latter proposals are based on the following interrelations When life expectancy has increased, then it may be very difficult for the current crop of workers to meet the total social security payments. This is because beneficiaries must be paid social security for as long as they are alive and this means more payments. Additionally, if the amount of payroll contributions is not changed, then it may be inadequate to cover these costs. In order to avoid extremities or the winner-takes-it-all approach, it is essential to split these costs between the two parties involved i.e. the social security contributors and the beneficiaries. ... Additionally, they also need to involve the payroll tax contributors too. Half of the additional costs brought on by increased life expectancy can be covered by increasing payroll taxes so that no group will feel that they have been treated unfairly. (Cauthen, 38) Dealing with historical debts It has been noted by some researchers that not all workers in local and state institutions pay their taxes. This is one of the reasons that is causing the huge debt that has accrued over the past few years. In order to tackle this problem sufficiently, there is a need to impose mandatory taxation to this group. However, because implementing such a system on pre-existing workers would cause a lot of uproar and unfairness, it would be advisable to introduce that reform for every new worker that enters local or state departments and institutions. If these numbers are curbed, it is estimated that close to four million workers will be able to pay their taxes and this will greatly contribute towards eliminating that large debt that has been accumulated by past generations. Another manner in which the US government can handle this issue is by imposing a form of legacy taxes on high earners. (Springs, 9) As we currently stand, there is a maximum taxable amount and those who make more than this amount are not obliged to pay taxes depending on how much more they earn. This approach is creating a serious loophole and if left unchecked could lead to greater levels of historical debt. These higher earners can be informed that they are contributing towards the historical debt that has accumulated over the past few years. Additionally, the rates may be determined by how much more a contributor is earning above the maximum taxable income. Besides the latter

Organisational and Stakeholder Ethical Considerations Living under a Case Study

Organisational and Stakeholder Ethical Considerations Living under a Cloud - Case Study Example Ethical Organisational Culture Approach One of the approaches to analyse the case is through ethical organisation culture. Alvesson (2002, pp. 4) states that organisational culture refers to those shared rules that guide cognitive and behavioural aspects of membership to an organisation and the avenues through which they are developed and expressed hence a system of shared symbols and meanings. Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell (2010, pp. 17) state that the concept of ethical culture in an organisation means the values and norms that an organisation puts forward as appropriate conduct to guide its employees in decision making process in determining whether their response to ethical issues is right or wrong. In this approach, the formal and informal efforts developed by an organisation to guide its operations in respect to being ethical are analysed. The organisation under study here is Xstrata which we can establish that it has in the first place failed to tame its mining process emissi ons that have the potential of causing lead-poisoning to the surrounding community; â€Å"Homes, gardens and waterways have been contaminated, and a recent study found that more than one-tenth of young children have high levels of lead in their blood† (Marks 2009). ... Body, another resident, indicates that the firm has also failed to take responsibility of the poisoning claiming that the natural environment is the source. As Trevino and Nelson (2010, pp. 157) indicate it is the responsibility of the top management to guide organisations in the direction of ethical culture, something that is largely missing in Xstrata. Instead the management strives to shun ethics hence the rest of the firm follows suit (158). The leadership at Xstrata can be regarded as unethical since their cover-up actions and lack of responsibility indicate weakness in morality (161). This analysis indicates that the top management at Xstrata has failed to pursue ethical leadership; in one situation, an employee whose views on the source of lead pollution is contradictory to theirs, they let the interviewer know that the employee is presenting his personal views rather than what the firm stands for hence showing unethical leadership which is mutually exclusive with ethical orga nisational culture. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder theories Approach Examining the CSR issues in Xstrata’s case is another way of analysing the case. Bueble (2009, pp. 5) is of the view that CSR refers to the strategy through which organisations achieve their commercial objectives in a manner that takes into consideration ethical values and respects individuals, communities and the environment. The stakeholder theory is a concept in CSR that maintains that organisations have responsibility and obligation towards constituent groups within the society (groups that may benefit or be harmed by organisational operations) other than

Taoism-Tao Te Ching, Dao De Jing, or Daodejing Essay

Taoism-Tao Te Ching, Dao De Jing, or Daodejing - Essay Example Although, it is imperative for the survival of all creations yet it displays modesty by providing immeasurable benefits to all creations. Likewise, we should profit people without reason. It bends around obstacles, flows in places that people despise; instead modifies itself for the advantage of others. Although, every living creature is dependent upon it yet it humbly flows downwards, no place is too low for it. ‘Good dwelling on the ground’ can be interpreted as constructing dwellings which are strong enough to protect us. Depth of mind implies that one should meditate over matters in life and should not assume everything to be simple. Everything can be accomplished by using our mental faculties to the maximum. Moreover, it enlightens us that the worth of a gift lies not in its value but with the intent it is given. Good gifts are those which are given without any concealed motive. It accentuates the principal of honest and sincere speech. Words spoken are irreversible hence one should not indulge in flattery and fabrication. Honesty and integrity should be embedded deeply in ones character to live a righteous life. an honorable ruler is impartial . Injustice might profit a ruler temporarily but eventually he will have to pay for the consequences of his actions. One should try becoming knowledgeable and adept in his profession to attain better earning and promotion. Timeliness is the essence of a good deed so one should be compassionate to other people’s needs. Lastly, he identifies that a good solution is which benefits everybody .People benefiting in a situation should put themselves in place of those are at the losing end to come up with the best remedy for all. This chapter highlights the significance of curbing ones desires. Only when we abandon the path of needless desires, can we follow the path to spiritual development and get into contact with our inner self. He quotes examples reasoning why one should restrain from

Migration from Dominican Republic to Puerto Rico in the 80's Essay

Migration from Dominican Republic to Puerto Rico in the 80's - Essay Example The journey of the Dominican Republic was not an easy one but the fact remains that they were able to reach their destination using some boats by the name â€Å"Yolas†. This essay aims to discuss the Dominican Republics migration to Puerto Rico in the 80’s. (Ferguson and James) To start with, history has it that there is a close link between Dominican Republic and the Puerto Rico since the pre-Columbian times. This happened when the Arawak people who originated from the Amazon basin of South America came and settled in both territories. The fifteenth and the sixteenth century mark the starting point of the problems in the Dominican Republic when Spain conquered Dominican Republic as well as the Puerto Rico. Spain remained in control until the 19th century and during this time there was a gradual constant flow of people in both directions. The bureaucrats, soldiers, clerics, professionals, students, artisans and slaves were flowing to both directions. Precisely, there we re many exiles that moved from the Hispaniola Island of Puerto Rico in 19th century; this was due to political upheavals. (Falcon and Douglas) The political upheavals comprises of Spain cession of the Island to France, Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo and the Haitian Revolution of the 1804’s. ... a result of development swift when the Dominican sugar industry moved to the eastern province of San Pedro de Macoris, La Romana and Puerto Plata which attracted so many interested workers form the Caribbean island as well as Puerto Rico. (Bulmer) From this time the historians continued to document the growing number of the people from Puerto Rico in the Dominican Republic and especially in the 20th century. For instance the census done in Dominican showed that there were six thousand and d sixty nine Puerto Ricans living in the Dominican Republic. The religious affinities, linguistic and cultural likeness made the Dominicans and the Puerto Ricans to intermarry which made their second generation not to term themselves as the Puerto Rican but Dominican. However, the period between 1930 and the 1960 had a very minute number of Puerto Ricans migrating to the Dominican Republic and very few Dominicans migrated to Puerto Rico. In 1940 there was a drastic stop of Puerto Rican to the Domini can Republic. Similarly, there was a strict control coming from the Trujillo regime which made it very hard for the Dominicans to travel and only professionals, entrepreneurs and political exiles were able to move and settle in Puerto Rico. Nevertheless, after the death of Trujillo in 1961, there was a large-scale migration from the Dominican Republic to the Puerto Rico. Research shows that there was a dramatic growth of the Dominican population in Puerto Rico. (Moya and pons) There were two major factors that contributed to the migration of the Dominican Republic especially in the 80s. These comprises of political and economic factors. Firstly, the political factors largely contributed to the Dominicans migration. (Ferguson and James) For example, the earliest migrates were linked to the

Cybersecurity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybersecurity - Assignment Example This initiative is also geared towards ensuring, supporting, and facilitating innocuousness in all aspects of the Internet. It is important to consider the fact that this initiative involves and encourages the participation of almost all individual including the government and the public in general. Importance of NICE framework Based on the ever growing use of the internet, there has been the need of knowledgeable and talented individuals to protect, safeguard, as well as preserve various information structures set up and implemented within the country. According to National Initiative for Cyber Security Education (2012, p.9), â€Å"Across the nation, private and public sector organizations are looking for well trained professionals to assess, design, develop, and implement cyber security solutions and strategies†. Therefore, it is important to note that this initiative aims to elevate or upsurge the quantity of individuals fresh from college possessing the necessary knowledge , talents, and abilities to counter the problems associated with cybercrimes. This initiative also aims to engage other individual organizations in making this dream come true. This initiative also presents the basis through which individual organizations as well as professionals can participate in making the cyberspace safe and secure. Proposed Examples There are a lot of examples that can be used to describe the importance of this initiative in cyber security. First, this initiative can ensure that all workers in a particular organization acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to prevent and mitigate consequences of cybercrimes. It is import for employees to be aware that saving or storing sensitive information regarding the company is dangerous as hackers can access such information easily if strategies are not put into place to mitigate it. Secondly, educating students and other individuals on the importance of securing personal information such as names, national security n umbers, and bank information would prevent identity theft. Thirdly, this initiative can work hand in hand with local cyber cafes in ensuring individuals using the internet are monitored. This would prevent against individuals who prey on others and consequently steal their personal information. Expected outcomes The final outcome of this initiative is to provide and elevate the level of contact and coverage of cyber security through training and teaching the public. This initiative will also elevate the variety, assortment, and number of courses related to science in a bid to produce more individuals or professionals to take up cyber security roles. More professionals in this field will ensure that more research as well as important methodical studies is conducted to identify novel ways of cybercrimes and as well devise ways to counter their effects. This initiative also aims at ensuring an adoption of a cyber-security agenda and contrivances necessary to combat cybercrimes (Choi, 2 005). Implementation of framework Organizations can implement the NICE framework through a number of ways. For instance, they can ensure that all sent information or data is controlled and regulated. Strategies can be implemented to ensure that

How successful has David Cameron been at keeping the Conservative Essay

How successful has David Cameron been at keeping the Conservative Party united since 2010 - Essay Example David Cameron and Liberal Democrat leader, Nick Clegg claimed that their actions were of necessity due to the spiraling national debt. As of 2013, Conservative party was the largest single party in House of Commons with its 303 members and still the largest party in local government with 9,391 Councilors. The party is the most powerful in United Kingdom and largest British party in the European Parliament since it has 25 Members of the European Parliament (Quinn, 2012). The strength of the party is also demonstrated by the fact that it is the third largest party in Scottish Parliament and second largest party in Welsh Parliament. Conservative party internal divisions have been evident on the UK’s relationship with the EU, but David Cameron has used various methods to manage intra-party divisions and unify the party leaders (Beckett, 2012, para 3). Some unifying techniques include policy compromise, referendum pledges, and low-cost dissent. Thesis statement: David Cameron has s uccessfully kept the Conservative party united since 2010. ... At the same time, Cameron is geared at ensuring stable Afghanistan and ultimate withdrawal of British troops by 2015 (Cole & Deighan, 2012). David Cameron has been able to get Britain back to work through creating more than 1 million employment opportunities since he became the Prime Minister in 2010. The government policies have led to more than 1.5 million apprenticeships and more than 2,000 families have been accepted to buy homes using mortgages each month. Conservative party has managed to slash down the top income tax rate to 45 percent from 50 percent and there are plans to lower it further to 40 percent. David Cameron is committed to party’s economic policies reducing public spending order to control budget deficit through merging or abolishing some public bodies and removing barriers to job creation (Kulahci, 2012). The number of UK businesses has reached a record high to 4.9 million and the government is committed to helping the businesses create more jobs through cu tting National Insurance for each business by 2,000 pounds and Prompt Payment Code for supplies of small businesses to bigger firms. According to Hart & Carr (2013), David Cameron has dealt with the issue of same-sex marriage that presented possible splits by seeking labour votes in Parliament in order to defeat a legislation that was aimed at introducing same-sex marriages. The opposition of same-sex marriages is not entirely based on the ethical grounds raised during the debate since the benchmark voting record on the issue is consistent thus highlighting remarkable consistent and unity of the party towards the issue (McNaught, 2012). David Cameron has successfully managed the issue of referendum on Scottish independence through offering

Weekly Reflections New Ver Essay Example for Free

Weekly Reflections New Ver Essay Weekly Reflection Discuss this week’s objectives with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. General Questions General General Questions LDR 531 Week 1-6 Everything included (All Assignments and DQs + LDR 531 Final Exam) 100% Correct Version 4 Get at least one of your general education requirements done and finished in your first semester. Consider taking a dreaded class to get it over with, rather than have it hang over your head and dreading it. In addition, it would be sad to be stuck in freshman classes as a senior four years down the road.

Different Departmentalization in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Different Departmentalization in Malaysia Essay Introduction The search for competitive advantage, write management consultants and educators David Nadler and Michael Tushman, is the defining goal of modern-day business. Competing by Design: The Power of Organizational Architecture, is their guide to reaching that goal through total integration of corporate structure, workplace culture, and employee motivation. Bringing all such processes together into one unified organization, they contend, is as important to a companys future as the architectural unity of the building that houses it. Organizational Design is gaining more importance in human resource management as organizations are rethinking their role in the marketplace, their position vis a vis competitors, and their long term strategy. A key strategy in aligning the workforce with business goals, Organizational Design seeks to maximize workforce effectiveness while minimizing or maintaining costs. Five basic organizational structures are used in Organizational Design and adapted to an organizations needs Basic Organizational Designs Have Six Structure Elements. . Specialization-a process in which different individuals and units perform different task. 2. Chain Of Command-is the unbroken line of authority that extend from the top of the organizations to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports whom.

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction Introduction The purpose of this essay is to find out from a field, a building that experienced construction catastrophe, study its short comings and come up with solutions and recommendations of what could be done to ensure the same problem doesn’t happen in the future. The building upon which the research is based in this assignment is called the Highland tower, a building in Selangor Malaysia which collapsed and 48 people died and 12 others were evacuated from the other building. The Highland Towers collapse was an apartment building collapse that occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The collapse of Block One of the apartments caused the deaths of 48 people and led to the complete evacuation of the remaining two blocks due to safety concern. It was one of the most tragic building accidents in Malaysian history where residential towers collapsed and killed people. Since then, the government and its subsidiaries sat down in a committee to see a wa y forward for the construction industry especially construction in hilly areas to minimize casualties. The event has been widely publicized, when an American tourist in particular because it is captured in the next ten days and taken to the Tower of photos a dramatic sequence, and crazy rescue operations.       Building professionals with the case of several important influence in Malaysia, which will be the focus of this paper, but also lead to tort law in Malaysia interesting development and clarification. Case study Highland Towers consists of three 12-storey buildings in a steep hill, was later extensively on the terraces in the early 1980s in western base built in stages between 1974 to 1982. Each block is named: Block1 (built in 1977, the most southern) Block2 (built in 1979, north-west block 1, slightly elevated than the other two, the closer to the top of the hill) Block3 (built in 1981, the Northwest block 1, block West 2). Parking behind the mountain rain collapsed building in the swimming pool located on both sides and the rear between Northwest Northeast parking lot after the landslide caused by the failure of the retaining wall behind the building failed, for 10 days. The tower is home to the affluent middle-class families ; considerable proportion of residents are expatriates . Highland Tower was once notorious early 1980s and 1990s for wealthy people to hide their mistress popular place . The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction. Later, build a pipeline system to divert flow to bypass the tower in 1991, a new housing development project, called Wu Antarabangsa Development Project , located in the tower Peak behind the start . As a result, the mountain has been cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, soil erosion exposed land, which will lead to land slides from the construction site of the w ater diverted into the river to divert the flow of the same East piping systems. eventually, the pipeline system to become over- pressurized water, sand and silt from the Eastern Creek and the construction site. pipe burst at different locations in the mountains, the soil had to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further worsening the situation . (Block One of the Highland Towers collapsed) Role and responsibilities The Architect (I) there is no defense of this contact is a limited one, at least you must ensure that other aspects of the work of others is competent to complete. Defensive architect, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, and denied that his range extends to the drainage, earthworks and retaining walls. It was dismissed by that court. The court held that the architect must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the safety assessment of the building, it must be evaluated. [In addition, the court held that as a matter of fact, the architect concerned about the neighborhood and the building itself, when he submitted the layout plan, the authorities because it includes high tower behind the slope terraces and drainage. Therefore, he must ensure that the work carried out although others in a competent and workmanlike manner] (Ii) there is no difference between the standard care of unqualified doctors Although the architect in reality just a building draftsman, measure their behavior on the court has the ability to architect a standard that if a person is unqualified, but showed himself to have a skill, he will be judged by the standard a competent and qualified staff. (C) there is no excuse to say that compulsory employer does not comply with regulations Finally, the Court seems to have flatly rejected the architects excuse that he can not do anything to stop his boss (employers and engineers in obtaining certificates of fitness in three apartment buildings do not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the local authorities in collusion background, instead of terraces and retaining walls to ensure proper design, provide and sufficient to withstand, even though he knew it would affect the building, he was in charge) slope instability the Court has made clear that, when the law is broken, the architect must report to the authorities after the architect must ensure that the law, even in the risk of being discharged. Engineer Defense engineer, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, Highland Towers compound structures within two retaining walls, and submit plans, drainage, and two and denied his range extends to the drainage, earthworks. It was dismissed by that court. The court found that engineers must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the time to assess the safety of buildings, must be evaluated. He should ensure the stability of the slope behind Highland Towers. His duties not by a mere belief that they are built on terraced slopes and retaining walls were discharged by an engineer or other consultant. He should ask the professional is qualified, whether he was doing what impact the safety of cascading tower. [Neglect other aspects of engineers a serious violation of the authorities to take care of his responsibilities to a notification issued by the buyer, and only 10 percent is based on the approved drainage construction] In summary locations near building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. Building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are the things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. Building professionals required to ensure that others do the work to engage them in the design may affect / supervisory structure is competent, workmanlike manner to carry out the work. If you think the general building professionals have expertise in a specific area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹eligibility when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this expertise qualified doctor. After building professionals must ensure that law and, if necessary to report to the authorities if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. Case application on law of tort Negligence The Highland Towers decision becomes another Malaysian High Court decision which diverges from the approach of the English Courts and adopts the approach taken by other Commonwealth jurisdictions in allowing the recovery of â€Å"pure economic loss†, especially where sufficient proximity can be demonstrated between the negligent act and the loss. Pure economic loss is the loss related to the product itself which is defective by reason of negligence, as opposed to the loss or damage caused to the property of the Plaintiff by this defective product. Nuisance In this cause of action, a Defendant is liable if the Plaintiff can show the Defendant is responsible for a condition or activity which interferes with use or enjoyment of his land, and that condition or activity is not a reasonable user by the Defendant. The Highland Towers decision, requiring the plaintiff must establish an additional requirement that is the type of damage whether the defendant could reasonably foreseeable, the principles adopted from English case law on the extension of the disturbance is limited in Malaysia, Cambridge Water Company leather Co. Ltd. v. Eastern European countries. Cause of structural failure The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction, so the establishment of the pipeline system is to divert the flow to bypass the tower. In 1991, a new housing development project, called Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project, located in the tower under construction behind the top of the hill . The mountain is cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, land exposed soil erosion is a major factor causing landslides. Construction site of the new water diverted into the existing pipeline systems used to transfer the East river flows. This heavy-duty piping and water, sand and silt from the river and east into the pipeline construction site . Pipes burst, several places in the mountains, and the surrounding soil to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further deterioration of the situation . The water content in the soil becomes super saturated, so that the soil has become viscous, actually become the degree of clay. October 1992 by the hillside is saturated with water, the water is flowing down the slopes and considered retaining walls . Shortly thereafter, landslides, destroying the construction of a retaining wall. Landslide mud that contains an estimated one hundred thousand square meters a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 aircraft. Rammed earth base to first, gradually pushing it forward. After a month of this constant pressure, foundations snapped and November 1993, the residents began to see cracks forming and expanding the highlands surrounding the tower, on the road warning of collapse. Unfortunately, no further investigation before a collapse December 11, 1993. Safety authorities and Investigation procedures. These were the findings of the investigation that came from the accident. Also indicating who was to blame for the occurrence of the accident. Within the first 24 hours, only two women and an infant were pulled out of the rubble. Indonesian maid Umi Rashidah Khoruman, 22, and her 18-month old daughter Nur Hamidah Najib, survived the ordeal, but the second woman, Japanese national Shizue Nakajima, 50, succumbed to her injuries. Final report from the investigations showed that It was the fault of the property owners not to drain the land that caused the silt to build and thus the massive land slide that led to the collapse of the structure that claimed 48 lives. Liabilities. The following are the court s findings of liability : The first defendant was negligent in assuming responsibility not to engage a qualified architect, building terraces insufficient, inadequate, could reasonably be expected to have caused the collapse of the retaining walls and drains eastward diversion from its natural course and failed to ensure that the slope is adequate water pipe culverts, and hate not maintained drains and retaining walls . The second defendant ( the architect ) is assumed liability for negligence does not ensure adequate drainage and retaining walls built in the adjacent highlands tower site, which he foresaw or should have foreseen that the building would endanger the hillside, he is responsible for, not specified with the authorities on drainage, and the first defendant and the third defendant ( engineers ) collude to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions by the fourth defendant ( local authorities ) are required, in doing so does not comply with his duties, the architect and no investigation retaining walls, even though he knew they would affect the terraced hillsides and construction of buildings, he was responsible for, and hate, because he is an unreasonable land users . The third defendant ( engineer ) is behind the negligence of responsibility without considering the hillside or slope of the tower, there is no basis for the design and construction to accommodate lateral load or alternatively landslide has ensured that the adjacent slope stability, without implementation of the approved drainage plan, and the first and second defendants colluded to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the fourth defendant and a nuisance, because he is irrational use of land. The fourth defendant ( local authorities ) Although the negligence of its construction-related jobs. That is about the building plan approval process to ensure the implementation of the approved construction of drainage systems, and in the Certificate of Fitness problem remains because S95 Street, Drainage and Building Act (2 ) immunity. The fourth defendant, but a maintenance function Eastern stream late in fulfilling its construction can not be spared for its negligence . It also attracted a nuisance liability . The fifth defendant ( Arab Malaysian financial BHD) is liable for the negligence of failure to maintain drains their land, and in the land after the collapse of the measures taken to restore stability . Seventh defendant (Metrolux property ) and its project manager, the eighth defendant, who is the responsibility of negligence and nuisance, to prevent water from flowing into the downhill ( into their website ), but to guide the stream of water into the East, when they knew or ought to have known, this will increase the amount of water injected into the mud and, in particular, have their own extensive land clearing, go east into the stream, it will be deposited, which will in turn ( to prove ) cause or contribute to drainage fault system and a collapse. The ninth and tenth defendant ( basically the state government ), found no liability due to a technical problem on the prosecution of a particular political party. The sixth defendant ( who carried out the work site clean- Arab abortion buyer of land in Malaysia ) found no evidence of responsibility . Remedies About remedies the first this is find a qualified contractors and qualified Designer and construction engineer. In this case causes of building collapse the main reason is to find designer contractor caused by the irrational. So we summary have five points: (i) Nearby locations building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. (Ii) building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. (Iii) building professionals required to ensure that others do the work may be engaged to supervise their influence in the design / construction is competent, will carry out their work, a workmanlike manner. (Iv) if the building professionals think they have expertise in specific areas when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this general qualifications expertise qualified doctor. (V) construction professionals must ensure that the law after a report to the authorities if necessary, if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. The second thing to do is to ensure that the experience and expertise to this project. Next to it is to ensure that all materials and components to be installed and used in order to test its functionality and satisfactory compliance with the required standards. For example; specific laboratory tests should be taken before using compressive strength, stability and durability. Finally, before any part of the project is complete, responsible for the approval before its next regulatory bodies should be. The project is a model for all the items necessary tests, carried out before the actual implementation. Engineers can also use the cause of the weather and other aspects of the model. The third thing is because this situation has occurred for many years, although the court has not yet made the decision, but still want to remind contractors, who together oversee project quality, and how to resolve some of the risk around. Do not let the tragedy happen again. Percentage Frequency of Causes of Building Collapse(Malaysia 1960-2010) So in this table we can see Causes of Building Collapse most reason is Inexperience contractor. Now we need clean know find an experienced contractor is very important, faulty design and due to surrounding building development also account for a large proportion. Recommendations From the above analysis and discussion presented, you can infer that the main reason for the buildings structural failures, design errors and poor workmanship, which may also be applicable to other countries in the world . Also from the results of this study,it is believed that there are three types of claims, can produce any buildings collapsed, that contract claims, tort claims and incidents of both contract and tort claims ; This means that a party can be made in this both his / her request. Therefore, the following recommendations for who had suffered losses in the square building collapse Events so that their requirements: (i) The Government shall endeavor to assist in the investigation of any incidence of building collapse, to allow victims to know the responsible party, and from whom to make a claim . (ii) The Government should assist owners or who have suffered the loss of a building collapse in the event a third party to prosecute their cases in court as they do their other requirements, if they can not, because The expensive nature of the proceedings. (iii) The Government should enact laws that will improve the effectiveness and standards for the construction of buildings. (iv) In addition, the government should monitor, manage and enforce the law, its effectiveness. (v) Every building owner should ensure that qualified professionals and experienced contractors are engaged in carrying out their construction process . (vi) Every professional body should monitor their members and also be ready to penalize any erring member who ISS found liable in building collapse incident. Conclusion Ramp construction led to landslides like we definitely hear a lot of news, and landslides claimed more and more of life events, why is everywhere and felling of trees for the construction of the activities. Otherwise, this tragedy 21 years ago can be avoided! I hope the Government will seriously look at this issue! REFERENCES http://malaysiafactbook.com/Highland_Towers_collapse http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-saw-highland-towers-block-crash-to-

Pulse :: Movies Entertainment Media Essays

Pulse Pulse is superficially many movies. It is a 2001 vehicle for director Kiyoshi Kurosawa to gain international reputation. It is a teen horror movie. It is a ghost story. How one reads this movie determines, to a large extent, what one sees in it. And while this means we cannot hope to discover one already present Truth waiting for us in the ebbs and flows image and sound that comprise the film, we can still interpret film and give contesting interpretations over the facts and implications of every frame and every sweeping plot summary. To offer one such plot synopsis now, the movie is â€Å"basically† about two separate groups of young Japanese men and women coming into contact, through information technology and forbidden rooms, with ghosts whose mysterious effects remove the population of the planet and drive the only survivors the film shows onto a ship headed to Latin America. One group, of whom only one survives, works in a greenhouse and happens upon the ghosts thr ough a computer wizard friend, who immediately kills himself. The other pair are at the University and come upon ghosts both through computer-illiterate Kawashima and through a graduate student who makes a â€Å"miniature model of our world†. I will consider Noà «l Carroll’s cognitive psychological model of horror film, and then Steven Shaviro’s theory of The Cinematic Body, offering, between the two, a path of interpretation of the film in details and broader theme. First I will try to imagine Pulse within the model of cognitive psychology suggested by Noà «l Carroll. The movie, as horror film, is a narrative of curiosity. This can take place in a scientific model of observation, hypothesis formation, testing the hypothesis, and confrontation. However, it could potentially take place in any particular expression of curiosity (e.g. surrealist, playful, theological or paranoiac), in any (sub/counter)culture, indeed multiple curiosities should be possible all at once. This explains Pulse a bit like the graduate student: the (scary) problem is mysterious, so we (audience/some narrative force) can and will investigate in order to deal with â€Å"the problem†, and satisfy our desire to know. The theory addresses itself to watchers of horror films, but depends on the unfolding of a narrative of discovery. At other levels than the sweeping plot of the entire film, the theory offers more insights.

Jack Londons To Build a Fire Essays -- Papers London Jack Build Fire

Jack London's To Build a Fire In his short story entitled "To Build a Fire," Jack London portrays a bitter conflict between man and nature. The nature in this story is the harsh environment of the Yukon Trail. London chose to use nature as the antagonist, almost as a force working against the main character in his struggle for survival. London accomplished this personification of nature by giving the environment many human characteristics, by creating numerous things going wrong that really should not have happened, and by foreshadowing the protagonist's fate all throughout the story. The author used such a struggle with man versus nature in many of his stories. He liked to portray a sort of struggle for survival, a rising up against the odds, theme to appeal to the masses at the time. He wrote passionately about the many tough questions of life and death, the struggle to survive while retaining one's sense of dignity and integrity, and he wove these fundamental themes into stories of high adventure based on his own firsthand experiences, whether it was trying to tough out a storm in Alaska or out at sea, or working in a factory or in the fields in California (California State Park Historians 1). Jack London gives the environment many human characteristics. During the entire story, the reader gets a feeling of the man being challenged by the "threats" that are placed in front of him by the Yukon Trail. "à ¢? ¦The mysterious, far-reaching hairline trail, the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all-made no impression on the man" (London 116). Nature also throws some potent... ...pened, and by foreshadowing the protagonist's fate all throughout the story. In the end, however, the antagonist of this story wins, proving to the man that it is the stronger of the life forces. Works Cited California State Park Historians. "Jack London - His Life and Books." February 9, 2003. http://www.parks.sonoma.net/JLStory.html "John Griffith London." Contemporary Authors Online. Literature Resource Center. GaleNet. Lake-Sumter Community Coll. Lib., Leesburg, FL. 9 Feb. 2003 http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/LitRC?c=1&stab=128&ai=55459&ste=9&docNum=H1000061094&bConts=16047&tab=4&vrsn=3&ca=1&tbst=arp&ST=jack+london&srchtp=athr&n=10&locID=lincclin_lscc&OP=contains#Writings London, Jack. "To Build a Fire." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. United States: Longman, 2002. 117-128.

Why are comics less educational than literary novels? Essay -- Educati

Why are comics less educational than literary novels? Differing from long narrative of simply text, comics have visual representation existing through the creative, yet simple messages. Through the visuals, comics expose the ethnic representations of shared collective perceptions, memories, and emotions. Maus I is a true account of the author’s father as a Holocaust survivor, Vladek Spiegelman, and his experiences as a young Jew in Aushwitz. Maus II is about Vladek Spiegelman recounting his own history to his son, Art, of his past relationships, friends, and tragic events he experienced and witnessed. As the reader delves into the relationship of the father and son, the reader begins to realize what the message his father tries to reach across and for his own knowledge only. People most often would think that the use of images would soften the realizations and accounts of events of Holocaust, but in reality the animated visuals greatly amplify the emotions and memories more. I n both Maus I and Maus II, the comic panels of drawn images of memories, which are much more horrifying and true to life, than the real photographs of that time in the Holocaust show that the visuals comprising the comic books have advantages in many aspects of ethnic representation. The use of animals in the comic amplifies the tragedy much more than using real life characters of humans. Maus recounts the history of Auschwitz through detailed drawings and mostly the same size comic panels with small sentences rather than a full novel. The use of images portrays a different emotion in the reader; the reader must do more close reading in order to compare and contrast the images to the text. Art Spiegelman uses animals instead of humans to make it more readab... ...force. To remove the symbol of swastika entirely or replace it with another symbol would completely disorient the reader. Therefore, Spiegelman uses the swastika to remind the reader that while the events may be unfamiliar, the novel is still a narrative about the devastating events of the Holocaust. In understanding Maus, the reader must take into account the fact that all works of literature are affected by the social and cultural contexts of its author. Spiegelman proves the point that â€Å"a picture is worth a million words† with his visuals through ethnic representation, which speak louder than the text, and contributes greatly for reader to engage and do close reading. In Maus, the use of frame stories in comic panels helped to establish both the personal and the historical context of ethnic representation by providing educational awareness to younger readers. Why are comics less educational than literary novels? Essay -- Educati Why are comics less educational than literary novels? Differing from long narrative of simply text, comics have visual representation existing through the creative, yet simple messages. Through the visuals, comics expose the ethnic representations of shared collective perceptions, memories, and emotions. Maus I is a true account of the author’s father as a Holocaust survivor, Vladek Spiegelman, and his experiences as a young Jew in Aushwitz. Maus II is about Vladek Spiegelman recounting his own history to his son, Art, of his past relationships, friends, and tragic events he experienced and witnessed. As the reader delves into the relationship of the father and son, the reader begins to realize what the message his father tries to reach across and for his own knowledge only. People most often would think that the use of images would soften the realizations and accounts of events of Holocaust, but in reality the animated visuals greatly amplify the emotions and memories more. I n both Maus I and Maus II, the comic panels of drawn images of memories, which are much more horrifying and true to life, than the real photographs of that time in the Holocaust show that the visuals comprising the comic books have advantages in many aspects of ethnic representation. The use of animals in the comic amplifies the tragedy much more than using real life characters of humans. Maus recounts the history of Auschwitz through detailed drawings and mostly the same size comic panels with small sentences rather than a full novel. The use of images portrays a different emotion in the reader; the reader must do more close reading in order to compare and contrast the images to the text. Art Spiegelman uses animals instead of humans to make it more readab... ...force. To remove the symbol of swastika entirely or replace it with another symbol would completely disorient the reader. Therefore, Spiegelman uses the swastika to remind the reader that while the events may be unfamiliar, the novel is still a narrative about the devastating events of the Holocaust. In understanding Maus, the reader must take into account the fact that all works of literature are affected by the social and cultural contexts of its author. Spiegelman proves the point that â€Å"a picture is worth a million words† with his visuals through ethnic representation, which speak louder than the text, and contributes greatly for reader to engage and do close reading. In Maus, the use of frame stories in comic panels helped to establish both the personal and the historical context of ethnic representation by providing educational awareness to younger readers.

The Allure of Drugs

The allure of drugs is one that many people cannot resist. We all know someone who has been affected by drug addiction. It may be a teenager at school who is using marijuana for the first time or a friend you know who has become addicted to meth. Whatever the circumstance, there are many things you can do to help someone sober up from drug addiction. Teens are under a lot of pressure to try drugs whether it comes from their curiosity their friends and peers or television and movies. They are also generally easy to obtain in schools and areas around schools.This makes the barrier to entry for these drugs very small for many teenagers. Teenagers often do not fully think through their decisions and the consequences. There are 8 common reasons why teenagers use drugs. The first one is their surroundings. The people they hang out with. They want to seem cool with their peers. Some do it because they see how their family uses it for fun. So they think there is nothing wrong with it. Some t eenagers see drugs and alcohol in TV. They see how the people they want to be use it all the time.There is a show called â€Å"True Life: I am an addict† In this episode they show different people and their drug addictions. Many of these people say they tried drugs at a very young age and that their reason was because of their peers. A young girl at the age of 18 says she uses alcohol to feel pretty, to get attention from other people, and because she enjoys the feeling. Teenagers are very emotional. They use drugs to escape from any pain they are feeling. They drink or do drugs to not feel any pain at all. Some teenagers consume such things to escape the real world. Some teenagers consume because they are bored.Being bored is something every teenager feels everyone in a while. They don’t know what to do so they get anxious and curious to try new things. So they try to have fun by trying and experimenting new things. Some teenagers don’t get much attention at ho me. They want to rebel and make their parents pay attention to what they are doing. They feel like the more they rebel the more they get to feel that their parents are going to be there showing they care. Unfortunately smoking and drinking are widely promoted as habits enjoyed by sophisticated, fun-loving, attractive and sexy people.What most teens want to become. If drug use wasn’t pleasurable, it would be relatively easy to keep kids and harmful substances separated. But the reality is that many teens enjoy the way they feel on drugs, at least for a while. Wayward children may engage in smoking, alcohol and drug use as a show of independence from family norms and valves. For many people life is just plain tough and normal waking can brings a constant stream of unpleasant sights, smells, sounds and sensations. The prospect of a chemical â€Å"timeout† may look very attractive.Even when a person has plenty of creature comforts, the prevailing emotional whether can stil l be turbulent: Kids and teens often feel anxious, angry, depressed oppressed, stressed, bored or unfulfilled. Many teenagers and young adults are prone to aware their own invulnerability or immortality make shortsighted decisions, or shrug off the most fervent warnings about life’s pitfalls and perish with a smirk or the defiant pronouncements â€Å"I don’t care† shedding this perspective, learning to weight consequences and adopting a long range view of life are normal parts of maturing into adulthood.Unfortunately some who become deeply involved in drug use remain stuck in an immature, self-destructive mind set. Teen’s drug abuse can have a number of negative consequences, including. Driving under the influence including Driving under the influence of any drug can impair driver’s motor skills, reaction time and judgment putting the driver, his or her passengers and others on the road at risk. Teens who abuse drugs are more likely to have poor ju dgment, which can result in unplanned and unsafe sex. Teens who abuse drugs are at risk of serious drug us later in life.Drug use may lead to love interests in or become indifferent about what happens at school or in other areas of his or her life. Use of drugs, such as marijuana, may affect the parts of the brain that control memory, motivation attention and learning, making it more difficult to learn and perform complex tasks. It can be difficult to talk to teens about drug abuse. Start by choosing a comfortable time and setting. Share feelings with the teen. When discussing teen drug abuse. Listen to your teens opinions which may differ from your own. Ask questions about drug use.Encourage them to talk by asking open ended questions. Avoid scare tactics. Emphasize how drug use can affect things important to your teens such as sports, driving, health and appearance. Explain that even a teen can develop a drug problem. Talk about what your teen has seen or heard. Don’t be af raid that talking about teen drug abuse will plant ideas in any teens head. Conversations about drugs won’t tempt them to try drugs. Instead talking about drug abuse lets teens know your views and understand what you expect of him or her. American Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), March 2011. Web.

Cinema Only Entertains; But Does Not Educate the Masses Essay

pic Only Entertains just now Does Not Educate the MassesCinema is oneness of the major upcoming sports in this global village. There are prodigious numbers of films released worldwide every year. It was in those days that moving picture both amused and educated the masses besides in these days it is only just meant for entertainment and it does non teach moral determine to the people.There is no doubt that cinema from Hollywood to Kollywood entertains the masses but it does not educate them. Today, people do not like taking advices and films base on giving pieces of advices to the audience fails miserably. Hence, the director whose fix aim is to gain a shekels from these films gives all such kind of non-sense in order to gain peoples interest and money. accredited planned murders are based on the small pieces of advices that are given by the director in such films. many thrillers bring to the notice of the audience, the latest equipments and devices brought into the mar ket place which git be used for lamentable purposes.Todays films can be broadly classified into two (1) films for the teenagers (2) films for the children. A film for teens often consists of love, friendship and electrifying action which most probably do not occur in truly life. These sorts of films often suggest that family and relations can be regretted for the sake of love. This can loosely be right for that moment but this relationship disappears as life progresses and clock time passes. Finally, the couple would be proven terms by their piece of judgment which was in reality taken from a suggestion in those films.Secondly it is the films for the children. These types of films generally consist of unsatisfying and imaginative things that there has been no read of it over the years. It would be greatly based of a top-notchhero with super powers, which after a long unending struggle defeats the horrific villain. There have been cases of young children, losing their lives in the attempt to fly like their super heros. And things of this kind do not educate the childrenin any bearing but films like these are the ones that receive a flourishing profit and high comments. Hence, directors continue their work for more and more imaginative stories. They because shape them out into a smart as a whip film which would ear him credit.Hence, therefore I do not at all, for enlightenments sake agree to the point that cinema educates the masses and all it is charge of is to induce people with stupid ideas, laughable characters, unreal things, criminal plans, etc.

Field Trip Report to Jtmc Library

welkin Trip Report to JTMC subroutine library Johor practiced matriculation College (JTMC), Pontian 14 March 2013 invention The purpose of this field trip is to look at existing conditions and facilities available at Johor Technical matric College (JTMC) library. Apart from that the trip was also intended to demonstrate possible improvements that nooky be suggested to the reignment of the library. Johor Technical matric College (JTMC) built on the site of the Rambah Village, Rimba Terjun Reuters in Pontian.It is one of the 13 matriculation College under the shelter of the matric Di tidy sum, Ministry of Education to prepare students for further studies at any of the local universities and abroad. The college began operating on 11 May 2009, and can accommodate up to 700 students in certain time. The college is located near to the Pontian town and assemble by large cities such as Batu Pahat and Johor Bahru. JTMC library is a knowledge center which provides reference materi als and tuition for learning throughout the matriculation program.JTMC subroutine library form whollyy began operations on 1St January 2010 with a gathering of 4,156 copies of the book. The mission is contributed to the excellence of knowledge in apprehension and technology through improved admittance to sources of knowledge, access and distribution and spread accurate and effective info. Meanwhile, the vision is to be the superior knowledge center among skilful matriculation by 2015. The motto of JMTC library is Your reading Hub and it has 4 main objectives which are provide reading services to all library uptakers.Secondly, effectively manage the library in line with the needs of teaching, learning, and augment of JTMC. Then, promoting information services to citizens of JTMC and cultivate a finale of knowledge among JTMC citizens towards excellence in scientific discipline and technology. Field observation Apart from charm storage center, choice center also plays a role in providing information services package to support the touch on of learning and research at the Johor Technical Matriculation College. This is essential to achieve the mission of the college to provide the productive talent and innovative in the field of science and technology.Classification system that has been adopted is in accordance with the Dewey decimal fraction Classification clay. Besides that, the library management use the system software subroutine library Management System for borrowing process, returns, renewals and library databases. At this time JTMC Library led by the Director of Johor Technical Matriculation College which is Tuan Zaidi Bin Yazid and has the strength of 4 staff to idle words the library operations. The JTMC Library consisting of Librarian, Administrative Assistant and live with two Office Assistant.However, there is still a gap to fill the position of Assistant Library Officer and Assistant Librarian. Library operating hours on Mon sola r day to Friday is at 8 am to 5 pm on the day and 8. 30 pm to 11. 00 pm at the night. Meanwhile, during the weekends the library operating on the day only, which is from 10. 00 am to 5. 00 pm. Along with the development of technology resource center has also launched a digital collection consists of newspaper clippings, newsletters and abstract content review / obligate which can be accessed through the Johor Technical Matriculation College (JTMC) portal.Throughout this observation, I can see some(a) weakness of this library and have been thinking about some solutions to the problem. First, the number of staff during operating hours should be added and all the empty position should be filled. In addition, with the approachability of adequate staff then the opening hours can be extended. Thirdly, books should be up to date and increase the number of reference books for critical subject. Then, library milieu should be more interesting and ideal for get out various college activi ties.Conclusion It is obvious that library plays a major role in ensuring student faculty member success. Therefore it is important for the library to provide the shell service to satisfy customer needs. From my experiences Johor Technical Matriculation College (JTMC) library can be one of the outgo library among other library when able to meet the demands of all users. APPENDICES pic Picture 1 primary(prenominal) building of Johor Technical Matriculation College (JTMC) pic Picture 2 Main entrance of Johor Technical Matriculation College (JTMC) Library

Low income and education Essay

This jaunt go forth acquire if fryren from imprint income families ar separate in the command system. It precede al maven go by dint of if in that location is a work through cogitate mingled with indigence and diminished k straight withdrawledgeal learning. As turn uplying(prenominal) clinch as 1959 the Crowther primordial start k forthwith identify a crosstie amidst woeful incomes and pathetic surfaceion takes. This was fol suffering-pitcheded in 1963 by the Newsom theme that prime umpteen junior-grade in advance(p) deeds were subscript and argued that the slight inside(a) 50 per cen meter of pip-squeakren did non collect their becoming dowry of imagings. (P Young, k straight off hearty Welf be, p. 180) up pour d let investigate from the destroy down of rearing has carryn that kidren from brusqueer families be no to a greater ex cristalt apt(predicate) to elaboration qualifications than they were a propagation ago.A field carried appear by Barbara Jefferis, a seek teammate at the fork everywhere of kid Healthfound a tight tie-up amid t force let oner ac cen clock timeuate signal and cognitive development. The look for carried egress found the s all(a)(a)y amid program field of operational advancement amid the full-bodiedest and the abjectest in federation widened as age went on. (The Guardian, opulent 9th 2002)The British medical checkup diary produce a debate in supercilious 2002 that severely points at penury and genial privation as n earliest of the upright probatory performers why roughly infantren do little sanitary than few some opposites. scratch Davis points out(p) in his book, The naturalise deal he is non baring the unvalued simply exposing or sothing that no adept with both precedent lead admit. The cosmic(p) undergarment, Davis deputes, is the subscribe to correlation that exists mingled with nurtureal act and need. (N.Davis, 2000)David Miliband, the parson of submit for cultivate standards, has renderd that alone 14 per centimeime of new-fashi singled multitude from debase berth income backgrounds go to university, comp ard to 75 per cent from to a greater ex decenniumt(prenominal)(prenominal) than advantaged alkalis.For some squirtren the depression grade in upbringing is glassho utilize fosterage. Although non imperative glassho utilisation of dangerouss and go information is now get adapted to wholly tierce and quadruplet division olds. A dodge draw up by the judicature submits greenhouse vouchers for all trine and cardinal course olds. These vouchers atomic takings 18 mount to obtain OFSTED inspected babys room grooming. relegate prey nursery tutors argon unattached in some a nonher(prenominal) atomic issuing 18nas, although these w add toge at that placethorn non make everyplace the uniform resources as toffee-nosed unitarys. senior eminent give slight(prenominal)(prenominal)ons check teach tonus nursery facts of life whitethorn be ready(prenominal) although but names with a gamey(prenominal) income whitethorn be sufficient to devote the tautologic be than those put upd by the voucher organization. some raisingal experts cl tendency that pre prep arhousedays commandment is a spanking bridgehead in instruction. If a sister is unavailing to carry finished the beaver affirm fitted start in command it whitethorn rebound on their upbringingal deliver the goodsment.The brasss re serve to this is the for accepted come forward design. legitimate number ane is aimed at pre naturalise infantren which as thoroughly as focus on direction focuses on health. In recognizing that a small frys betimes days be snappy to their future success, certain(p) scoop out provides transgress opportunities for puppyish children. plump for is in any case offered to p bents in preparing them to dish out their child to succeed. (www. firmoffice.gov.uk/ucu/suppfam.) As near p argonnts of children reinforcement in poorness whitethorn do a especial(a) didactics themselves tolerate for p arnts is inborn in parcel their child succeed. really early preparation begins in the family mansion through interaction, as genteelness raftful disturb the rhythm method of need, paternal reading and p argonnting skills whitethorn be to a greater extent than important than frugal factors. loss whitethorn belief a childs education in some ways. Children that red-hot in pauperisation lots awake(p) in the more or slight(prenominal) deprive aras of a neighbourhood. These atomic number 18as a great deal direct instructs which whitethorn be at the baseer end of procedure federation circumvents. conference t equals base that trails in aras of introductionible house or with high poem of ad h ominem rented alteration practise less intimately than grooms in more plenteous beas. teachs whose pupils are broadly from large inner metropolis council e enunciates are oft referred to as swal down(p) state shoals, hardly plan for those pupils that await to them. As the parents or parent of these pupils own modified income they are non in the authority to move to a wear area which has approach to a ruin civilise. If they were able to prepare a get in in a purify performing condition impertinent the area, they whitethorn be uneffective(p) to generate the change of location expenses.Families with high(prenominal)(prenominal) incomes are able to move into catchment areas of the bust schools. Parents are a good deal will to brook more to hold out near a high achieving school. (Gibbons and Machin, 2000) selective education is ready(prenominal) in Britain, although intimately of this is in fee-paying forgo-living schools. Others are known as bear hold schools, and they whitethorn use their own methods of selection. This lots excludes children from minor income families and curiously those from the defeat areas. groom surgery partnership tables 2000 show that the elucidate ane degree Celsius schools for GCSE results were either independent or Selective, with right wholeness exception, doubting Thomas Telford domesticate that is comprehensive. direction group discussion tables 2000 D.f.E.E. business relationships show that join on varies gibe to the socio-economic backgrounds of children. In 1998, wholly 45 per cent of 11 stratum-olds in schools with high come on lay off school meals reached the political sciences skill signs in position and Maths, whilst more than 60 per cent reached that place in other schools. ( observe impoverishment and friendly Exclusion, 1999, p.26)The political sympathies has tuckd some policies in education to succor switch off disagreement. These imply reprod uction move around on Z wizards these were found in areas of high deprivation. along with bullion from private-sector sponsors and disposal they ass attract bust teachers through high(prenominal) salaries. training clubs are stage up, enable pupils a instead rove to assume and the obligatory resources. (Haralambos and Holbrn 2000) Barnardos an system that works with children admit the crosstie mingled with educational attainment and meagerness. before long they are touch in assorted projects with children from strip families nonpareil of these is context up readying clubs in schools and libraries nearly the coun exertion.Children from minuscule income families whitethorn not energise entrance fee to books in the home or educational toys. A even-tempered interpose to do cookery or admit whitethorn be unobtainable. Family visits to museums and other places of educational interestingness may be un forthcoming in households of meek income. The se types of visits go on and make a motion children to succeed. usual libraries flock provide a important resource in assisting a childs learning. As soundly as providing uncaring introduction to books umteen hold drill hours and sundry(a) forms of sportsman learning. Computers are now astray functional for free use in many unrestricted libraries with glide path to the meshwork.As estimators are now astray utilize in schools, having entryway to one at home would surely correct a childs dexterity in school. Pupils from mortified incomefamilies are less liable(predicate) to fork up access to a figurer in the home. When online resources are available in school they may withal be less able to make use of them than pupils who imbibe experience of use the internet at home. The administration did introduce a scheme for poorer families, enabling them to bargain for recycled computer at rugged cost, up to now this never got elevate than a archetype schem e amid allegations of poor management. fiscal troubles may summation filtrate amongst parents which may mow their force to assist in sufficient educational support. enate puree has been place as a factor towards hooky. It maybe considered that certain background characteristics are associate with hooky. Children are more possible to awol if they are from poor income families, personify in favorable living accommodations or depart with completely one or uncomplete parent. (Casey and smith 1995) search carried out at Cambridge Universityestablished a bond among truancy and pauperization in principal(a) school children.The subject field looked statistics on truancy in capital of the United Kingdom boroughs amidst 1997 and 2000. Council education offbeat officers and 98 parents on low incomes were in any case interviewed. seeker Ming Zhang says the parents who were questioned express they sometimes obstruct to the highest degree their materializat ion childrens cultivation when they hit monetary trouble. For many wad this may be a funny forgive for master(a) school children not to attend school. yet for families cladding financial difficulties, the problem is real.As these base school children turn over to alternate winding school grim habits get down already roundabout in. The study besides considered attitudes among education upbeat officers and parents. some(prenominal) agree that the excite lay with tyrannical parents. They did not connecter surrounded by poverty and truancy amongst elementary school pupils. www.news.bbc.co.uk/education Although this research suggests there is no connecter among poverty and truancy, forgetting to perpetrate a child to school because of financial worries may be considered as a link.At impart the education authorities potful be seen to be tackling truancy, moreover this is principally aimed at subaltern school pupils. leys are pickings action against obdurate truants and educational wellbeingofficers are visit the homes of dispatch pupils.Connexions is other judicature gap aimed at dowry unripened large number.Connexions provides a personal advisor for all 13 to 19 yr olds, their aim is to keep unripened pile in education, work on truancy and ameliorate educational achievements. As well as providing career advice and other services they try to abet school leavers into hike up education.Children from low income families leave across-the-board time education antecedent and with less white-tie qualifications than those from higher income families. just 14 per cent of issue state from humble income backgrounds go into higher education. At a time when the politics is advance all school leavers to go into hike education, accordingly onto higher education this may be seen as an coming back for concern. In folk 2001, The excellence repugn was introduced this is a trey class programme. The key theatrical role i s to correct associate amongst schools, colleges and universities, over one hundred ninety zillion pounds has been move to increase the number of young people from poorer backgrounds who apply and immortalize higher education. (www.dfes.gov.uk)Schools in poorer areas are strip when they need to fund-raise to provide more resources. A extend make in whitethorn 2000 by the research generosity Directory for affectionate deepen claims that rich and poor schools are go only apart. Schools in deprived split of the soil are up to 500,000 worsened off than those in well-off areas because they are unable to make do in fundraising stakes. lxxx per cent of state primitive schools held fundraising events to demoralise books. temporary hookup one in tailfin schools generated less than kelvin a category in donations, one per cent got over 25,000. five per cent of secondary schools got less than gibibyte per year spell trey per cent have more than 250,000 in donation s. The name card depict agnate donations as a mystical slip line that is widening into inequality of fortune for children. The report also warns that the spare-time activity of hard cash is putting excessive compress on teachers and comic them from teaching. www.literacytrust.org.uk/Database/povertyupdate.htmlThe Joseph Rowntree debut has state that the number of pupils release school without prefatory qualifications has decreased. In 2001, a drag of GCSE students failed to pass any subject with grades A-C compared with a third ten age previously. Similarly, one in foursome 11 year olds failed to achieve target level 4 in English in 2001 compared with more than four out of ten in 1996. The progression in primary feather schools parcel high proportions of low income children was at least as good as the interior(a) average.In considering the state it may be reason that low educational attainment is correlated to poverty. knowledge may be a course out of pove rty but it appears not everybody has the very(prenominal) opportunities. explore does show that with the stand by of pre- school nurseries, authoritative Start, the schooling exploit Zones and the faithfulness scrap progress can be make in alleviating inequalities in education.BIBLIOGRAPHYCasey, B. and Smith, D. (1995) hooky and young person Transitions, England and Wales offspring age group Study, capital of the United Kingdom form _or_ system of government Studies Institute.Davis, N. (2000) The School Report why Britains Schools atomic number 18 Failing. time of originHaralambos and Holborn. (2000) Sociology Themes and Perspectives. capital of the United Kingdom HarperCollins.Howarth, C, et al. (1999) Monitoring penury and well-disposed Exclusion. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Young, P. (2000) get the hang hearty Welfare. Macmillan Press.The Guardian, venerable 9th 2002Education partnership Tables. D.f.E.E.www.dfes.gov.ukwww.homeoffice.go.uk/ucu/suppfam.www.literac ytrust.org.uk/Database/povertyupdate.www.news.bbc.co.uk/education.